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Ground De - icing / Anti - Icing Aircraft General All aircraft which are expected to operate in icing conditions are equipped with Anti - icing or De - icing systems ( Note ; Anti- ice prevents ice forming , De - ice removes it when it has formed ) .A typical de - icing scheme may require the application of heated Type I undiluted or Type II or IV diluted , to remove ice and snow ( de - icing ) , followed by an application of unheated undiluted Type II or IV to prevent further ice formation ( anti - icing ) .These systems ( which are described in detail in Module 11 ) are designed to remove or prevent the formation of ice on a limited area of the wings , tail and engine nacelles and would not normally be effective in removing deposits that have accumulated while the aircraft is stationary .Methods of De - icing Each of the fluids may be applied diluted with water or undiluted and heated or unheated , depending on the conditions and requirements .This may be applied by brush but is more usually sprayed , particularly on large aircraft .Care should also be exercised to prevent fluid from contaminating the aircraft windscreen and cabin windows as it will damage them .Any measure taken to remove frozen deposits on the ground must prevent the possible re - freezing of liquid during taxiing and the initial stages of flight when the in - flight de - icing or anti - icing systems are either not functioning or not yet fully effective .Delayed departure at extreme low temperatures may require repeated anti - icing treatments .Lower temperatures , heavier precipitation and higher wind speed will all reduce the holdover time of a particular fluid .

Ground De - icing / Anti - Icing Aircraft General All aircraft which are expected to operate in icing conditions are equipped with Anti - icing or De - icing systems ( Note ; Anti- ice prevents ice forming , De - ice removes it when it has formed ) . These systems ( which are described in detail in Module 11 ) are designed to remove or prevent the formation of ice on a limited area of the wings , tail and engine nacelles and would not normally be effective in removing deposits that have accumulated while the aircraft is stationary . Also , they may not become fully effective until the aircraft is airborne . It is most important that all frozen deposits are removed from an aircraft before take - off , otherwise its performance may be seriously affected . Any measure taken to remove frozen deposits on the ground must prevent the possible re - freezing of liquid during taxiing and the initial stages of flight when the in - flight de - icing or anti - icing systems are either not functioning or not yet fully effective . Ice and Snow Deposit - Method of Treatment Wet snow may be removed from a small aircraft using a brush squeegee while light and dry snow can be removed using compressed air . It is not advisable to use a hot blower owing to the possibility of the wet snow re - freezing . Moderate to heavy ice and residual frozen snow should be removed with a de - icing fluid . This may be applied by brush but is more usually sprayed , particularly on large aircraft .Care should also be exercised to prevent fluid from contaminating the aircraft windscreen and cabin windows as it will damage them . Methods of De - icing Each of the fluids may be applied diluted with water or undiluted and heated or unheated , depending on the conditions and requirements . A typical de - icing scheme may require the application of heated Type I undiluted or Type II or IV diluted , to remove ice and snow ( de - icing ) , followed by an application of unheated undiluted Type II or IV to prevent further ice formation ( anti - icing ) . Delayed departure at extreme low temperatures may require repeated anti - icing treatments . Holdover Time The period for which the fluid will prevent the formation or refreezing of ice is known as the Holdover Time . This will vary with fluid type and the ambient conditions at application . Lower temperatures , heavier precipitation and higher wind speed will all reduce the holdover time of a particular fluid .