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Worldwide every year, many lives are lost because of the spread of infections in health facilities.For more than a century, medicine has viewed the microbial world as an enemy that should be destroyed, by practical measures known as "infection control," and they are designed to prevent the spread of microorganisms from one person to another, or from one site to another on the same person, some infection control practices are rational, and some are ritual, but all are an essential part of daily life in the ICU. It is therefore important for all health care workers, patients, their family members, friends and close contacts to adhere to the infection control guidelines strictly. It is also imperative for health care administrators to ensure implementation of the infection control program in health care facilities (WHO, 2004). It is very important to protect air-cross infection, improve air quality in surgical intensive care unit and in the design and effect of "local air condition and purification control system" (Su , et. al., 1996).Nosocomial infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the critical care units, ventilator-associated pneumonia represents the most prevalent and visible hospital-acquired infection ( Zilberberg and Shorr, 2011).However, it is rarely implicated in disease transmission except in the immunocompromised population (CDC, 2003).Filtration systems (air handling units) designed to provide clean air should have high efficiency particulate air filters in high-risk areas.Ultra clean air is valuable in some types of cardiac surgery, neurosurgery, implant surgery theatres and transplant units (WHO, 2004).Unidirectional laminar airflow systems should be available in appropriate areas in the hospital construction.Over 1.4 million people worldwide are suffering from infections acquired at hospitals.The risk in developing countries is 2 to 20 times higher (Pittet and Donaldson, 2006).Microbial organisms (microbes) make up about 90% of the living matter on this planet.High-risk areas such as operating rooms, critical care units and transplant units require special ventilation systems.Between 5% and 10% of patients admitted to modern hospitals in the developed world acquire one or more infections.Spreading in the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the water we drink.Also found on our skin, under our fingernails, in our nose and mouth.

Worldwide every year, many lives are lost because of the spread of infections in health facilities. Microbial organisms (microbes) make up about 90% of the living matter on this planet. Spreading in the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the water we drink. Also found on our skin, under our fingernails, in our nose and mouth. However, it is rarely implicated in disease transmission except in the immunocompromised population (CDC, 2003).
High-risk areas such as operating rooms, critical care units and transplant units require special ventilation systems. Filtration systems (air handling units) designed to provide clean air should have high efficiency particulate air filters in high-risk areas. Unidirectional laminar airflow systems should be available in appropriate areas in the hospital construction. Ultra clean air is valuable in some types of cardiac surgery, neurosurgery, implant surgery theatres and transplant units (WHO, 2004). Nosocomial infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the critical care units, ventilator-associated pneumonia represents the most prevalent and visible hospital-acquired infection ( Zilberberg and Shorr, 2011).
For more than a century, medicine has viewed the microbial world as an enemy that should be destroyed, by practical measures known as “infection control,” and they are designed to prevent the spread of microorganisms from one person to another, or from one site to another on the same person, some infection control practices are rational, and some are ritual, but all are an essential part of daily life in the ICU. It is therefore important for all health care workers, patients, their family members, friends and close contacts to adhere to the infection control guidelines strictly. It is also imperative for health care administrators to ensure implementation of the infection control program in health care facilities (WHO, 2004).
It is very important to protect air-cross infection, improve air quality in surgical intensive care unit and in the design and effect of "local air condition and purification control system" (Su , et. al., 1996). Over 1.4 million people worldwide are suffering from infections acquired at hospitals. Between 5% and 10% of patients admitted to modern hospitals in the developed world acquire one or more infections. The risk in developing countries is 2 to 20 times higher (Pittet and Donaldson, 2006).
The centers for disease prevention and control (CDC) replaced the generic term "nosocomial" with Health-care associated infection (HAI). The CDC defines an HAI as a localized or systemic condition resulting from an adverse reaction to the presence of an infectious agent(s) or its toxin(s). There must be no evidence that the infection was present or incubating at the time of admission to the acute care setting (Horan et al., 2008).
HAIs rank as major killers of patients of all ages, particularly among the most vulnerable members of the population. The more sick the patient, the higher the risk of acquiring a HAIs and dying from it. In developed countries, about 5–10% of patients admitted to acute care hospitals acquire an infection that was not present or incubating on admission. Such HAIs add to the morbidity, mortality and costs that would be expected from the patients underlying disease alone. In the USA, one in 136 hospitalized patients becomes seriously ill as a result of acquiring an infection in hospital. This is equivalent to 2 million cases a year about 80 thousands deaths annually. In England HAI causes 5 thousands deaths each year (WHO, 2005).
Most of these infections can be prevented with readily available, relatively inexpensive strategies such as: Adhering to recommended infection prevention practices, especially hand hygiene and wearing gloves; Paying attention to well-established processes for decontamination and cleaning of soiled instruments and other items, followed by either sterilization or high-level disinfection; and improving safety in high-risk areas where the most serious and frequent injuries and exposures to infectious agents occur (Tietjen et al., 2003).
Recent studies suggest that at least 20% of HAIs could be prevented through infection prevention and control strategies. Infection prevention and control (IPC) programs have been shown to be both clinically effective and cost-effective, providing important cost savings in terms of fewer HAIs reduced length of hospital stay, less antimicrobial resistance and decreased costs of treatment for infections (Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, 2011).
The infection prevention and control is a very important goal for all health care facilities. It comes in the context of quality improvement process which aims to provide a safe and effective health care to the clients in order to minimize the morbidity and mortality during the provision of health procedures. It is anticipated that all health providers adhere to standards in their practices. The standards must be part of the knowledge, attitude, and practice of all the health facilities to obtain the clients safety and protection.
Infection control activities must be integrated into the routine activities of the hospital. The management of these activities should be through a Hospital Infection Control Committee with a full time Infection Control Nurse who should coordinate various activities. The Committee should identify priorities, implement the plan and continuously monitor the situation for assuring quality and its continuous improvement (WHO, 2002a).