لخّصلي

Atoms which make bonds with the central atom are called ligands.The number of ligands participating directly in the bonding with the central atom is called the coordination number

The outer sphere (counter ion) is the aggregate of all the ions situated outside the inner coordination sphere.Monodentate ligands contain one donor atom: H2O, NH, OH, CT

Bidentate ligands contain two donor atoms and form two coordination bonds with the central atom.These are anions SO, CrO, molecules of ethylenediamine (HN-CH-CH-NH2), aminoacetic acid (H2N-CH-COOH).The most frequently used ligands are those with donor atoms of oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur

Depending on the number of donor atoms we can distinguish ligands with different dentation.It forms complexes with many metals owing to the oxygen atom of each of the four carboxylic groups and to both nitrogen atoms.

Atoms which make bonds with the central atom are called ligands. As ligands we can find ions and neutral molecules.

The number of ligands participating directly in the bonding with the central atom is called the coordination number

The outer sphere (counter ion) is the aggregate of all the ions situated outside the inner coordination sphere. The charge of the inner sphere is compensated by the ions of the outer sphere with the opposite sign. Usually the outer sphere consists of simple monatomic and polyatomic ions.

The number of coordination bonds of a ligand forming with the central atom is called the dentancy of a ligand.

The most frequently used ligands are those with donor atoms of oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur

Depending on the number of donor atoms we can distinguish ligands with different dentation. If a ligand forms one coordination bond with the central atom, it's a monodentate ligand. The number of monodentate ligands in the inner sphere equals the coordination number of the central atom. Monodentate ligands contain one donor atom: H₂O, NH, OH, CT

Bidentate ligands contain two donor atoms and form two coordination bonds with the central atom. These are anions SO, CrO, molecules of ethylenediamine (HN-CH-CH-NH2), aminoacetic acid (H₂N-CH-COOH).

There are also polydentate ligands containing more than two donor atoms. It's, for example, a hexadentate ligand which is the ethylenediaminetetraacetate ion of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). It forms complexes with many metals owing to the oxygen atom of each of the four carboxylic groups and to both nitrogen atoms.