Lakhasly

Online English Summarizer tool, free and accurate!

Summarize result (56%)

Atoms which make bonds with the central atom are called ligands.The number of ligands participating directly in the bonding with the central atom is called the coordination number

The outer sphere (counter ion) is the aggregate of all the ions situated outside the inner coordination sphere.Monodentate ligands contain one donor atom: H2O, NH, OH, CT

Bidentate ligands contain two donor atoms and form two coordination bonds with the central atom.These are anions SO, CrO, molecules of ethylenediamine (HN-CH-CH-NH2), aminoacetic acid (H2N-CH-COOH).The most frequently used ligands are those with donor atoms of oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur

Depending on the number of donor atoms we can distinguish ligands with different dentation.It forms complexes with many metals owing to the oxygen atom of each of the four carboxylic groups and to both nitrogen atoms.


Original text

Atoms which make bonds with the central atom are called ligands. As ligands we can find ions and neutral molecules.


The number of ligands participating directly in the bonding with the central atom is called the coordination number


The outer sphere (counter ion) is the aggregate of all the ions situated outside the inner coordination sphere. The charge of the inner sphere is compensated by the ions of the outer sphere with the opposite sign. Usually the outer sphere consists of simple monatomic and polyatomic ions.


The number of coordination bonds of a ligand forming with the central atom is called the dentancy of a ligand.


The most frequently used ligands are those with donor atoms of oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur


Depending on the number of donor atoms we can distinguish ligands with different dentation. If a ligand forms one coordination bond with the central atom, it's a monodentate ligand. The number of monodentate ligands in the inner sphere equals the coordination number of the central atom. Monodentate ligands contain one donor atom: H₂O, NH, OH, CT


Bidentate ligands contain two donor atoms and form two coordination bonds with the central atom. These are anions SO, CrO, molecules of ethylenediamine (HN-CH-CH-NH2), aminoacetic acid (H₂N-CH-COOH).


There are also polydentate ligands containing more than two donor atoms. It's, for example, a hexadentate ligand which is the ethylenediaminetetraacetate ion of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). It forms complexes with many metals owing to the oxygen atom of each of the four carboxylic groups and to both nitrogen atoms.


Summarize English and Arabic text online

Summarize text automatically

Summarize English and Arabic text using the statistical algorithm and sorting sentences based on its importance

Download Summary

You can download the summary result with one of any available formats such as PDF,DOCX and TXT

Permanent URL

ٌYou can share the summary link easily, we keep the summary on the website for future reference,except for private summaries.

Other Features

We are working on adding new features to make summarization more easy and accurate


Latest summaries

With the contin...

With the continuous development witnessed by the technology sector, marketing has been affected, esp...

نحن في بغداد ال...

نحن في بغداد العباسيين، وها إنّ دجلة الخيرات يجري مزهواً، فهو عاصمة باتت جليلة مع المنصور بانيها على...

تمت دراسة جهاز ...

تمت دراسة جهاز تحويل لغة الإشارة إلى صوت لتمكين الأشخاص الصم من التواصل بكفاءة أكبر. يتميز الجهاز بد...

catalogs, and 5...

catalogs, and 50 more seasonal, monthly, and specialized catalogs, all sent to over 14 million house...

الحركات القوميه...

الحركات القوميه لقد عرفت ملامح القوميه منذ اقدم العصور لكنها كانت مختلطه بفكرتي وطنيه الدين ولم تتم...

 أ - في مؤتمر ...

 أ - في مؤتمر سان ريمو، في ٤9 أبريل ،84٤۱ عهدت عصبة األمم بفلسطين إلى بريطانيا العظمى كوالية .وبناء...

*أهداف نيوم* • ...

*أهداف نيوم* • تنمية وتنويع الاقتصاد في المملكة. • وجهة جديدة للعالم في الابتكار والتطور. • نموج جدي...

Magnitud del tu...

Magnitud del turismo de salud a nivel mundial. El turismo de salud ha experimentado un crecimiento ...

Sure, especiall...

Sure, especially for those people who are feeling an interesting time when they study psychologist. ...

الدرس الأول: ب...

الدرس الأول: بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم الحمد لله رب العالمين وصلى الله وسلم وبارك على امام المتقين و...

يعيش في الصحراء...

يعيش في الصحراء الرعاة الرحل الذين يسكنون في الخيام ويعيشون على رعي الأغنام والماشية، ويتميزون بالتن...

Our captive sat...

Our captive sat in the cabin opposite to the iron box for which he had done so much and waited so lo...