لخّصلي

As in the Pharaonic civilization, which some believe was the first land in history to know the use of the economic sanctions law, where the state interfered in economic life to a large degree, especially in the method of water distribution and the irrigation system, and fraud in the world is considered a crime punishable by the authority of the gods.In the modern era, France has witnessed many laws regulating economic life since the years 1311 and '312 under the rule of Philippe Lebel, when laws were issued prohibiting the export of food grains, coupled with corporal and financial punishment.In 1505, a law was issued punishing people who sell goods at a price exceeding the maximum price with a fine, In 1567, a law was issued punishing anyone who stored wheat for more than two years, along with the penalty of confiscation of the crop and exile to the forests.This crime, which is closely linked to the world of business and trade and all aspects of economic life, began to attract the attention of jurists and economists since the thirties of the twentieth century.After 1952, Egypt issued legislation related to supply, pricing, regulating industry, agriculture, trade, import and export, and other legislation.In 1757, a decree was issued prohibiting the export of grains and fruits.After the French Revolution, a law was issued in 1793 punishing the death penalty for withholding a necessary commodity without selling it to people.The Arab countries were interested in regulating their economies and combating economic crimes.Egypt was the first to know a tax system, and the Horemheb legislation of 1330 is considered the most important economic penal legislation.In Algeria, special judicial councils were created to suppress economic crime.And the emergence of entire economic sectors and structures, in which a new crime developed that differed from the well-known traditional crime.

As in the Pharaonic civilization, which some believe was the first land in history to know the
use of the economic sanctions law, where the state interfered in economic life to a large degree,
especially in the method of water distribution and the irrigation system, and fraud in the world is
considered a crime punishable by the authority of the gods. Egypt was the first to know a tax
system, and the Horemheb legislation of 1330 is considered the most important economic penal
legislation.
In the modern era, France has witnessed many laws regulating economic life since the years 1311 and ’312 under the rule of
Philippe Lebel, when laws were issued prohibiting the export of food grains, coupled with corporal and financial punishment.
In 1505, a law was issued punishing people who sell goods at a price exceeding the maximum price with a fine,
In 1567, a law was issued punishing anyone who stored wheat for more than two years, along with the penalty of confiscation
of the crop and exile to the forests. In 1757, a decree was issued prohibiting the export of grains and fruits. After the French
Revolution, a law was issued in 1793 punishing the death penalty for withholding a necessary commodity without selling it to
people.
The Arab countries were interested in regulating their economies and combating economic crimes.
After 1952, Egypt issued legislation related to supply, pricing, regulating industry, agriculture, trade,
import and export, and other legislation. In Algeria, special judicial councils were created to suppress
economic crime.
It is one of the most important characteristics that distinguished the twentieth century. With
industrial progress, commercial activity, the emergence of companies and banks, and financial exchanges.
And the emergence of entire economic sectors and structures, in which a new crime developed that
differed from the well-known traditional crime. This crime, which is closely linked to the world of
business and trade and all aspects of economic life, began to attract the attention of jurists and
economists since the thirties of the twentieth century.
During this period, it was known for what was called “white package crimes” (La criminalité en col
blanc), during which humanity witnessed tremendous development in all areas of life, including the
development of information and communication technology, which in turn contributed greatly to
economic development, which led to the crystallization of many crimes and the emergence of patterns of
crimes. Such as the crime of financial fraud and customs evasion, as well as crimes in the hidden
economic world such as money laundering and others.
These crimes have spread and are committed by respectable people who have a high social status
while carrying out their job duties. Professor Satterled introduced this term when he spoke before the
American Sociological Association about the emergence of elite crimes after they were far from the
circle of criminal behavior. Therefore, he explained criminal behavior before the emergence of elite
crimes by factors of poverty and factors of psychological imbalance resulting from the lack of a
person’s capabilities and abilities to meet his needs.
This new crime took on a large dimension, especially with the end of the Cold War, and the
profound geopolitical and economic transformations that followed at the global level. The crime of the
business world, the phenomenon of money laundering, and corruption, became a real threat to the
economic and social stability of several countries, and even the entire world, and threatens
Democratic systems themselves.
All of these developments have led to the emergence of giant economic companies, institutions,
financial institutions, and banks that deal in billions of dollars every day. In this environment, new
crimes linked to money and business have arisen, and they are called white package crimes, as their
perpetrators are among those who hold prestigious positions in society, including businessmen and
people of influence and prestige