لخّصلي

Natural therapies for gout show promise through multiple mechanisms. Curcumin and flavonoids respectively inhibit xanthine oxidase and URAT1, reducing uric acid synthesis and increasing excretion. Euodiae fructus suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome, lowering inflammation and uric acid. Antioxidants combat oxidative stress. While Euodiae fructus shows efficacy in animal models (Wang et al., 2024), further research is needed on herbal remedies like Smilax riparia and marine-derived compounds (Liu et al., 2022; Yuan et al., 2022) to confirm their clinical benefits and understand structure-activity relationships.

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Mechanistic Insights

• Xanthine oxidase inhibition (e.g., Curcumin) ↓ Uric acid synthesis.


• URAT1 inhibition (e.g., Flavonoids) ↑ Uric acid excretion.


• NLRP3 inflammasome suppression (Euodiae fructus) ↓ Inflammation.


• Antioxidant/anti-inflammatory (e.g., Polyphenols) ↓ Oxidative stress & cytokines.

Emerging Natural Therapies

• Euodiae fructus (ER) inhibits NLRP3, lowers uric acid, and modulates renal urate transporters in animal models (Wang et al., 2024).


• Herbal remedies like Smilax riparia are used for urate lowering, but comprehensive efficacy data is limited (Mahomoodally et al., 2024).

Future Directions: Marine Foods and Novel Bioactives

• Research is investigating natural products, including marine sources, for gout management mechanisms.


• Further research is needed on structure-activity and clinical efficacy of novel compounds (Liu et al., 2022; Yuan et al., 2022).