لخّصلي

The potential impacts of the Renaissance Dam on Egypt's water resources are outlined in the document as follows:

1. During the filling period of the dam, which is assumed to be 6 years, there could be:
   • High flooding periods leading to a reduction in lake water level by 10-13 meters and a reduction in lake volume by 43-53 cubic meters.
   This could result in a 16-21% reduction in electricity production.
   • Moderate flooding periods leading to a reduction in lake water level by 16-22 meters and a reduction in lake volume by 63-78 cubic meters. This could result in a 20-40% reduction in electricity production.
   • Drought periods causing an 86-96 cubic meters deficit in 6 years and depletion of water in the lake, resulting in a 100% reduction in electricity production.
   • ⁠2. The simulation assumes a 5-year filling period, filling 74 billion cubic meters, with the High Dam Lake starting at 171.0 meters and the lowest level to operate turbines at 159 meters. This could lead to reductions in cultivated land and electricity production over the years.


2. The impacts of the Renaissance Dam could include:
   • Reduction in crop productivity and fish.
   • Some agricultural land becoming fallow.
   • Lack of agricultural development in the future.
   • Erosion in the riverbank.
   • Increased salinity of the soil, especially in the delta, with a higher likelihood of sea water leakage.
   • Low water levels affecting drinking water plants.
   • Influence on water levels in canals.
   • ⁠• Influence on water levels in canals.
   • Impact on Nile tourism.
   • Damage to public health and water pollution.
   • Shortfall in the generation of electricity.
   • The potential collapse of the Ethiopian dam and the precautions needed to protect the High Aswan Dam and facilities built on the course of the river.
   These are the potential impacts of the Renaissance Dam on Egypt's water resources as detailed in the document.
   The main sources of water in Egypt, as outlined in the document, include:


3. Nile River:
   • The Nile River is a crucial water source for Egypt, providing a significant amount of water for various purposes.
   • Egypt heavily relies on the Nile River for its water supply.


4. Groundwater:
   • Various aquifers contribute to groundwater resources in Egypt.
   • Specific groundwater sources mentioned in the document include:
   • Nile Aquifer
   • Moghra Aquifer
   • Coastal Aquifer
   • Nubian Sandstone Aquifer
   • Fractured Rocks Aquifer
   • Karstified Carbonate Aquifer


5. Rainfall:
   • Rainfall in specific regions, such as the Northern Coasts, contributes to water resources in Egypt.
   • Rainfall is a limited but important source of water in the country.
   • ⁠• While desalination is mentioned as a very small source of water so far in Egypt, it is a potential source that can be further developed to supplement water resources.
   These are the main sources of water in Egypt as highlighted in the document.
   The challenges facing the water sector in Egypt, as outlined in the document, include:


6. Limited water resources:
   • Egypt faces challenges due to limited water resources, including the Nile, non-renewable groundwater, and rainfall.
   • More than 90% of Egypt's water supply comes from outside its borders, indicating a heavy reliance on external sources.


7. Population increase and demographic distribution:
   • The growing population in Egypt poses challenges in terms of water supply and distribution to meet the increasing demand.


8. Water quality degradation:
   • Pollution and degradation of water quality are significant challenges in Egypt, affecting the availability of clean and safe water for various
   • ⁠4. Escalating costs for new projects and operation & maintenance (O&M):
   • The costs associated with implementing new water projects and maintaining existing infrastructure are rising, posing financial challenges to the water sector.


9. Lack of awareness and coordination:
   • There is a need for increased awareness among the population about water conservation and sustainable water management practices.
   • Improved coordination between different stakeholders in the water sector is essential to address challenges effectively.


10. Lack of water supply and sanitation:
    • Insufficient water supply and sanitation services in certain areas pose challenges to meeting the water needs of the population and ensuring public health standards.
    • ⁠These challenges highlight the complex issues that the water sector in Egypt faces, requiring strategic planning and sustainable solutions to ensure water security and availability for the population\