Lakhasly

The study quality and risk of bias assessment were performed by two review authors (M.Ka.The RoB 2 tool assesses bias in five distinct domains: bias arising from the randomization process, bias due to deviations from intended interventions, bias due to missing outcome data, bias in the measurement of the outcome, and bias in the selection of the reported result.The PEDro scale is used to assess the methodological quality of clinical trials included in systematic reviews across physiotherapy, health and medical research.

The study quality and risk of bias assessment were performed by two review authors (M.Ka. and A.K.) using the PEDro scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tools for Randomized (RoB 2) and Nonrandomized Clinical Studies (ROBINS-I). In the case of any disagreement, the final decision was made by the third author (M.Ko.). The PEDro scale is used to assess the methodological quality of clinical trials included in systematic reviews across physiotherapy, health and medical research. The PEDro Scale assesses 11 items related to the study’s internal validity and statistical reporting, except for the first one (eligibility criteria), which is not computed in the total score. Each item is scored as either present (1) or absent (0), leading to a maximum score of up to 10. Higher scores indicate superior methodological quality. According to Cashin, studies can be divided into four quality groups based on the achieved PEDro score and level of methodological quality: