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is caused by living organisms, specially viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, insects, arachnids and weeds.Despite lacking the adaptive immune system plants can counteract biotic stresses by evolving themselves to certain sophisticated strategies.The resistant genes against these biotic stresses present in plant genome are encoded in hundredsThe defense mechanisms which act against these stresses are controlled genetically by plant's genetic code stored in them.


Original text

is caused by living organisms, specially viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, insects, arachnids and weeds. The agents causing biotic stress directly deprive their host of its nutrients can lead to death of plants. Biotic stress can become major because of pre- and postharvest losses. Despite lacking the adaptive immune system plants can counteract biotic stresses by evolving themselves to certain sophisticated strategies. The defense mechanisms which act against these stresses are controlled genetically by plant’s genetic code stored in them. The resistant genes against these biotic stresses present in plant genome are encoded in hundreds


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