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Experiment #1: Introductory Lab
1.Objective:
c Capabilities and operation of Trainer Kit and basic digital Instruments and devices
necessary to run experiments
e Study the basic characteristics of Basic Digital Gates
e Implementation of Logic Circuits
2.Background
2.1 Digital Integrated Circuits (IC)
A logical device is a digital circuit whose related input and output signals are binary variables, for
example, gates, flip flops, and memories.ICs contain diodes, transistors, and resistors, required to implement the device, on a
semiconductor base called a chip performing a great variety of logical functions.Connecting pins
on the exterior of the package allows input/output signals and power to be transmitted between the
chip and the outside world.Logic gates are constructed from integrated
circuits (ICs).A logic symbol
is the graphic representation form of the logic function.
Experiment #1: Introductory Lab
Objective:
¢ Capabilities and operation of Trainer Kit and basic digital Instruments and devices
necessary to run experiments
e Study the basic characteristics of Basic Digital Gates
e Implementation of Logic Circuits
Background
2.1 Digital Integrated Circuits (IC)
A logical device is a digital circuit whose related input and output signals are binary variables, for
example, gates, flip flops, and memories. A logic function is a function that expresses the
relationship between input logic variables and outputs. Logic gates are constructed from integrated
circuits (ICs). ICs contain diodes, transistors, and resistors, required to implement the device, on a
semiconductor base called a chip performing a great variety of logical functions. A logic symbol
is the graphic representation form of the logic function.
The chip itself is enclosed in a protective metal or plastic case called a package. Connecting pins
on the exterior of the package allows input/output signals and power to be transmitted between the
chip and the outside world. A common package is the dual in-line package (DIP); in such a
package, the connecting pins are arranged in two (dual) lines. The packages commonly have a total
of 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 36, or 40 pins. The pin numbering scheme for 14-, 16-, and 24-pin DIP ICs
is shown below in Figure. A notch in the package usually identifies pin 1.
Pin 1 is Pin numbers go
always at counter-clockwise
lower left from pint
Figure 1: Dual in-line package.
The different sizes of integration of IC chips are usually defined in terms of the number of logic
gates in a single IC or package. They are classified in one of the following categories:
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