Lakhasly

The construction industry in Jordan is one of the most import- ant economic sectors.The construction industry continually seeks more efficient and effective procedures for resolving disputes, such as alterna- tive dispute resolution (ADR) methods including conciliation, mediation, adjudication and other hybrid processes that are widely used and well received by the construction industry (Zhang and Bai 2013).ARCADIS (2016) reveals that in 2015 the average cost of the dispute process for construction projects in the Middle East including Jordan reached tens of mil- lions of dollars, while the duration of the disputes resolution process averaged 15.2 months.Construction projects encounter many risks and have numer- ous adversarial relationships between owners and contractors, which generally trigger a notice of dispute from either the owner or the contractor.

The construction industry in Jordan is one of the most import- ant economic sectors. It contributes 5.3% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country (Central Bank of Jordan 2018). The value added as a result of construction of buildings activity accounted for 55.1% of the total value added in 2015 (Department of Statistics 2017).
Construction projects encounter many risks and have numer- ous adversarial relationships between owners and contractors, which generally trigger a notice of dispute from either the owner or the contractor. Disputes can be time consuming, expensive, and disruptive, especially when these disputes escalate and pro- ceed to formal determination by a court of law or a tribunal (Musonda and Muya 2011). ARCADIS (2016) reveals that in 2015 the average cost of the dispute process for construction projects in the Middle East including Jordan reached tens of mil- lions of dollars, while the duration of the disputes resolution process averaged 15.2 months.
The construction industry continually seeks more efficient and effective procedures for resolving disputes, such as alterna- tive dispute resolution (ADR) methods including conciliation, mediation, adjudication and other hybrid processes that are widely used and well received by the construction industry (Zhang and Bai 2013). Nevertheless, these procedures in the con- text of avoiding litigation are not economical (Lambeck and Lee 2011). Bult et al. (2016) claimed that most disputes were resolved uneconomically using traditional or ADR methods. Moreover, most ADR methods of avoiding arbitration and litigation are not binding on the parties until the dispute is finally determined by legal proceedings at the end of the project through arbitration or by agreement (Bult et al. 2016).