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The majority of mobile apps are free-to-play and so include
a variety of forms of advertising and other mechanisms for
monetization.In-app advertising and purchasing
have been studied with adults but, to-date, younger users
have received comparatively little consideration despite
their increased susceptibility to manipulation. This paper
addresses the gap in research by creating the ADD (App
Dark Design) framework which brings together insights
from practitioners, theory from existing related research,
and the findings from a user study which gathered
qualitative data from 39 girls aged 12-13 years.


Original text

The majority of mobile apps are free-to-play and so include
a variety of forms of advertising and other mechanisms for
monetization. These monetization mechanisms often have
deceptive elements and closely resemble what designers
know as Dark Patterns. In-app advertising and purchasing
have been studied with adults but, to-date, younger users
have received comparatively little consideration despite
their increased susceptibility to manipulation. This paper
addresses the gap in research by creating the ADD (App
Dark Design) framework which brings together insights
from practitioners, theory from existing related research,
and the findings from a user study which gathered
qualitative data from 39 girls aged 12-13 years. We also
derive a set of emerging issues and identify future research
questions. This work is the first of its kind to create a
framework to support the critical consideration of the
design of free-to-play apps. We have identified a set of
problematic Dark Design aspects that young people across
the world are encountering in their apps every day and we
hope this paper will both raise awareness and stimulate
further research work on this important topic


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