Lakhasly

Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) 284 Food can be contaminated by Cd primarily through the terrestrial pathways and the edible 285 plants are considered the predominant source of dietary Cd for humans.In Vietnam, 93- 304 97% of dietary cadmium is mainly coming from the consumption of rice.Several surveys were conducted in 291 different countries and reported that Cd concentrations in rice was in the range of <0.006 to 0.01 292 ug/g depending on the Cd concentration in soil or the variation of Cd uptake for different plant 293 genotypes (Jorhem et al., 2008).The high mobility of Cd makes it easily absorbed by the plants from the 289 soil, transferred and accumulate in the aerial parts in a high concentration (Chary et al., 2008) 290 compared to other trace elements (Azizur and Hiroshi, 2011).295 Honey samples collected from different regions in Turkey were found to contain Cd in 296 concentrations ranged from 0.9 to 17.9 ug/kg, which were correlated with Cd contamination in 297 the environment (Tuzen et al., 2007b).On the other hand, Cd is mostly accumulated in internal 298 organs of fish such as the liver and kidneys (Castro- Gonzalez and Mendez-Armenta 2008; 299 Storelli et al., 2005) depending on age since the older fish have the highest concentrations 300 (Jakimska et al., 2011).The benthic fish and marine clams usually accumulate the highest levels 301 of Cd in their tissues and organs (Smaoui-Damak et al., 2003).Due to its high mobility, phytoavailability 287 and relatively poor adsorption in soils, considerable amounts of Cd are usually found in the 288 plant-based foodstuffs.Moreover, mushrooms from the eastern Black Sea were 294 reported to contain high concentrations of Cd reached 0.9 to 2.5 ug/g (Tuzen et al., 2007a).However, cereals and 305 breads constitute 31-38% of dietary Cd in Denmark, France, Spain and Chile.Barhoumi et al. (2009) reported 302 that Cd levels may reach 4.81 ug/g in the muscle of the benthic fish.In general, Satarug et al. 303 (2017) reported that there is a strong correlation between food and Cd exposure.At least 70% of Cd 286 uptake comes through vegetables (Chen et al., 2012).In Sweden,

Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb)
284 Food can be contaminated by Cd primarily through the terrestrial pathways and the edible
285 plants are considered the predominant source of dietary Cd for humans. At least 70% of Cd
286 uptake comes through vegetables (Chen et al., 2012). Due to its high mobility, phytoavailability
287 and relatively poor adsorption in soils, considerable amounts of Cd are usually found in the
288 plant-based foodstuffs. The high mobility of Cd makes it easily absorbed by the plants from the
289 soil, transferred and accumulate in the aerial parts in a high concentration (Chary et al., 2008)
290 compared to other trace elements (Azizur and Hiroshi, 2011). Several surveys were conducted in
291 different countries and reported that Cd concentrations in rice was in the range of