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3.Even if a three-dimensional tissue-like construct is prepared In vitro, It is practically difficult to allow the construct to survive and function in vivo after grafting.To prepare pulmonary vein and bone substitutes for human treatment, the cells of blood vessel and bone marrow-derived stem cells are cultured in the porous scaffolds of tube-shape polylactide (Shin'oka et al. 2001) and cubic hydroxyl apatite (Ohgushi & Caplan 1999).Clinical aspects of tissue engineering- based tissue regeneration

Tissue engineering for clinical regeneration therapy can be classified as either in vitro or In Vivo depending on the site where tissue regeneration or organ substitution Is performed.In vitro tissue engineering Involves tissue reconstruction by cell culture methods and organ substitution with functional cells-termed bioartificial hybrid organ.


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  1. Clinical aspects of tissue engineering- based tissue regeneration


Tissue engineering for clinical regeneration therapy can be classified as either in vitro or In Vivo depending on the site where tissue regeneration or organ substitution Is performed. In vitro tissue engineering Involves tissue reconstruction by cell culture methods and organ substitution with functional cells-termed bioartificial hybrid organ. If a tissue can be reconstructed in vitro In factories or laboratories on a large scale, it can be supplied to patients when required. For example, human skin fibroblasts are cultured in a collagen sponge to prepare an artificial dermis for skin grafting (Kuroyanagi et al. 2001; Kumagai 2002; Ichioka et al. 2005; Takemoto et al. 2008). To prepare pulmonary vein and bone substitutes for human treatment, the cells of blood vessel and bone marrow-derived stem cells are cultured in the porous scaffolds of tube-shape polylactide (Shin'oka et al. 2001) and cubic hydroxyl apatite (Ohgushi & Caplan 1999). However, it is difficult to reproduce the In vivo event completely in vitro by using the basic knowledge of biology and medicine or cell culture technologies currently available. At present, it is difficult to realize In vitro tissue engineering because the artificial arrangement of a biological environment to induce cell- based tissue reconstruction Is practically Impossible. Even if a three-dimensional tissue-like construct is prepared In vitro, It is practically difficult to allow the construct to survive and function in vivo after grafting. In addition, the construct does not always connect with surrounding natural tissue biologically.


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