Lakhasly

‏1.3 Mild Steel (MS)
‏The corrosion of iron and steel, two commonly used metals, occurs in various environments, including most outdoor settings. These metals are typically selected for their strength, ease of production, and cost-effectiveness rather than their corrosion resistance [7]. This difference in properties is evident in the rate at which these metals corrode. MS is the most widely used material in engineering and construction globally. It is utilized in a wide range of applications, from vehicle manufacturing to household items, protective equipment, refrigerators, cargo ships, and medical instruments. MS is also commonly used in marine applications, chemical processing, oil refining, and metal-processing equipment. Despite advancements in corrosion science and technology, corrosion remains a significant concern for industries worldwide. A comprehensive approach to corrosion protection and control is necessary to reduce the impact of corrosion on materials, energy, and finances.

‏1.4 Acid Medium
‏Steel is particularly susceptible to corrosion when exposed to aqueous conditions due to its inherent thermodynamic instability in such environments. This susceptibility is more pronounced in acidic mediums, which are commonly used in various industrial applications. Industries such as chemical plants, gas pipelines, and boilers utilize acidic solutions for pickling, descaling, cleaning, and oil well acidizing. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) are among the most commonly used acids in these applications. To mitigate the corrosive effects of acids on metal surfaces, several cost- effective approaches can be employed. These strategies include the use of non- corrosive metals like stainless steel or aluminum, ensuring the metal surface is clean and dry, applying a barrier or coating material such as paint, oil, or grease, utilizing sacrificial anodes to provide a cathodic defense system, and using corrosion inhibitors. These methods can collectively help prolong the lifespan of assets and equipment in

‏5. Acknowledgment
‏We are grateful to Allah for His unwavering assistance throughout this journey. Our heartfelt thanks go to our parents, whose steadfast support has been invaluable. Special appreciation is extended to Dr. Jeenat Aslam for her exceptional supervision and guidance during this endeavor; her expertise and insights have significantly contributed to its success. Finally, we acknowledge with gratitude the teaching staff of the Department of Chemistry at Taibah University for their kind assistance during our Bachelor's studies. Their support and cooperation have been greatly appreciated.