Lakhasly

Agricultural pollution primarily stems from sediment runoff and excess nutrients. Sediment control methods include contour plowing, mulching, crop rotation, and riparian buffers. Nutrient management plans address excessive fertilizer, manure, and wastewater application, minimizing runoff from these sources. Large-scale livestock operations (CAFOs) face increasing regulation, managing animal waste through lagoons, constructed wetlands, anaerobic lagoons, or composting for safer disposal and soil amendment.

Nonpoint source controls
Sediment (loose soil) washed off fields is the largest source of agricultural pollution. Farmers may utilize erosion controls to reduce runoff flows and retain soil on their fields. Common techniques include contour ploughing, crop mulching, crop rotation, planting perennial crops and installing riparian buffers.
Nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) are typically applied to farmland as commercial fertilizer; animal manure; or spraying of municipal or industrial wastewater (effluent) or sludge. Nutrients may also enter runoff from crop residues, irrigation water, wildlife and atmospheric deposition. Farmers can develop and implement nutrient management plans to reduce excess application of nutrients.

Point source wastewater treatment
Farms with large livestock and poultry operations, such as factory farms, are called concentrated animal feeding operations or confined animal feeding operations in the US and are being subject to increasing government regulation.
Animal slurries are usually treated by containment in lagoons before disposal by spray or trickle application to grassland.
Constructed wetlands are sometimes used to facilitate treatment of animal wastes, as are anaerobic lagoons. Some animal slurries are treated by mixing with straw and composted at high temperature to produce a bacteriologic ally sterile and friable manure for soil improvement.