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- Point to Point & Shared Media
- Point to Point (P2P): directly connected, nothing in the way
- Shared Media: Broadcast, a layer 2 device in the way
- Power over Ethernet (PoE):
- Carrying Power over 2 pairs of Copper Cables (enough to power up some
network devices)
- Can replace an AC adapter
- PoE Terms: PSE:
- Power Sourcing Equipment (Switches, Power Injectors)
- PD: Powered Device (PCs, IP Phones, IP Cameras)
- Negotiation happens between the PSE & PD before/after starting Suppling
- Power Suppling over PoE can be from 15 - 95 Watts (Total)
- UPoE+: Universal PoE make use of all the 4pair to carry both Data&Power
Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA)
20
1.5 Interfaces and Cables Issues:
- Collisions: more than one device (PC) transmitting at a single time in a
shared media
- Carrier sense multiple access/collision detection,
CSMA/CD Solved it!!- Errors: Cabling Issue, Unsupported SFP
- Duplex Mismatch: Half or Full?MUST MATCH
- Speed: 10/100/1000?


Original text


  • Point to Point & Shared Media

  • Point to Point (P2P): directly connected, nothing in the way

  • Shared Media: Broadcast, a layer 2 device in the way

  • Power over Ethernet (PoE):

  • Carrying Power over 2 pairs of Copper Cables (enough to power up some
    network devices)

  • Can replace an AC adapter

  • PoE Terms: PSE:

  • Power Sourcing Equipment (Switches, Power Injectors)

  • PD: Powered Device (PCs, IP Phones, IP Cameras)

  • Negotiation happens between the PSE & PD before/after starting Suppling

  • Power Suppling over PoE can be from 15 – 95 Watts (Total)

  • UPoE+: Universal PoE make use of all the 4pair to carry both Data&Power
    Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA)
    20
    1.5 Interfaces and Cables Issues:

  • Collisions: more than one device (PC) transmitting at a single time in a
    shared media

  • Carrier sense multiple access/collision detection,
    CSMA/CD Solved it!!

  • Errors: Cabling Issue, Unsupported SFP

  • Duplex Mismatch: Half or Full? MUST MATCH

  • Speed: 10/100/1000? MUST MATCH
    Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA)
    21
    1.6 Networking Languages:
    A – The Binary Language:

  • Only 2 digits: 0 & 1

  • Everything is Binary

  • Each digit = 1 bit

  • Zeros are low Electric pulse, low frequency light wave,
    Once are the opposite
    B – The Decimal Language:

  • 10 digits: 0 – 9

  • Value: 0 – 255

  • NO Number “10”

  • For humans, ease
    C - The Hexa-Decimal Language:

  • 16 digit: 0 – 9, A – F

  • 0 = smallest value, F = biggest value
    Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA)
    22
    1.7 Media Access Control Address (MAC Address):

  • Layer 2 Technology

  • Hexa-Decimal Language

  • Physical Address

  • Constant and Unique

  • 48 Bit length

  • Half for the Organization, half for the product
    Cisco Certified Network Associate (200-301 CCNA)
    23
    1.8 Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4):

  • Layer 3 Technology

  • Decimal Language (and Binary)

  • Logical Address

  • Variable, based on the need

  • 32 Bit length

  • Part for the Network, Part for the Hosts

  • 4 Octets, each =?

  • Addressing:

  • convert from binary to decimal, and vice versa

  • What defines network octets from hosts octets?

  • Total Hosts = 𝟐𝟑𝟐 = 4,294,967,296


Cisco Certified Network Associat


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