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Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1825, in Dole, located in the Jura region of France.The couple had five children, though only two survived to adulthood, which fueled Pasteur's lifelong quest to prevent infectious diseases.Pasteur observed that while solutions of both substances rotated the plane of polarized light, only the tartaric acid formed crystals that could be separated by hand.With the assistance of his mentor, Jean-Baptiste Biot, he discovered that these crystals were optically active, existing in two forms that were mirror images of each other.

Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1825, in Dole, located in the Jura region of France. As a young boy, he was not exceptionally gifted academically, yet he displayed a keen interest in fishing and the outdoors. He studied at the Collège Royal de Besançon and later attended the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, where he earned his Master of Science in 1845 and his Doctorate in 1847. His early research focused on the study of crystals, specifically the tartaric and paratartaric acids. Pasteur observed that while solutions of both substances rotated the plane of polarized light, only the tartaric acid formed crystals that could be separated by hand. With the assistance of his mentor, Jean-Baptiste Biot, he discovered that these crystals were optically active, existing in two forms that were mirror images of each other. This led to the development of a method to separate them using a microscope, laying the groundwork for the field of stereochemistry. After being appointed as a professor at the University of Strasbourg, Pasteur married Marie Laurent, the daughter of the university's rector. The couple had five children, though only two survived to adulthood, which fueled Pasteur’s lifelong quest to prevent infectious diseases.