Lakhasly

Make me this in form of easy summuraze lecture with clear language I'm sick I don't have time to memorize all things so focus on important ideas that can be in exam Britain's inconsistency, however, was not lost on Irish nationalists.Three-quarters of the IRA, however, rejected the treaty, leading to the Irish Civil War (1922aEUR"1923). The Free State Army, supported by Britain, defeated the IRA, but the IRA leadership ordered its units to place their weapons in secret arms depots and to disperse without surrender. The defeated republicans embodied in the self-described "semi-constitutional" political party Fianna FA!il ("soldiers of destiny") and with IRA electoral support, gained control of the Irish Free State in the 1932 election.Although Griffith had nothing to do with the Easter Rising, the British termed it "the Sinn FA(C)in Rebellion," as Sinn FA(C)in had become a pejorative term to describe all nationalists who rejected home rule. In 1917 a new "Republican Sinn FA(C)in" emerged, led by Eamon de Valera (1882-1975), the highest-ranking Irish Volunteer to survive the Easter Rising and the subsequent executions.Britain later executed some of its leaders.

Make me this in form of easy summuraze lecture with clear language I'm sick I don't have time to memorize all things so focus on important ideas that can be in exam
Britain's inconsistency, however, was not lost on Irish nationalists. When the nationalists
had sought independence, though physical force, Britain crushed their efforts and
encouraged them to proceed with constitutional means. When they achieved home rule
through constitutional means, the government permitted it to be blocked by threats of
physical force.
Most of the Irish Volunteers went off to fight in World War I, but a minority remained
in Ireland, ostensibly to defend the achieved home rule. Unknown to most Irish
volunteers, the secret oath bound by IRB had infiltrated the organization's leadership
and was now preparing it for a rebellion. In 1916 Patrick Pearse (1879–1916) led the
Irish Volunteers in a rebellion that began on Easter Monday. The smaller Irish Citizens
Army, led by revolutionary socialist James Connolly (1868–1916), joined them. Pearse
and Connolly proclaimed an Irish Republic and seized the Dublin city center. It took the
British Army a week to crush the Easter Rising. Britain later executed some of its
leaders.
Although Griffith had nothing to do with the Easter Rising, the British termed it "the
Sinn Féin Rebellion," as Sinn Féin had become a pejorative term to describe all
nationalists who rejected home rule. In 1917 a new "Republican Sinn Féin" emerged,
led by Eamon de Valera (1882-1975), the highest-ranking Irish Volunteer to survive the
Easter Rising and the subsequent executions. Although the party was republican
dominated, Sinn Féin developed into a coalition that included constitutional nationalists,
such as Griffith. Nonetheless, Sinn Féin contested the 1918 election on the proclaimed
Irish Republic of Easter 1916 and won seventy-three out of seventy-nine nationalist
seats in the British Parliament.

In 1919 the elected Sinn Féin members of Parliament abstained from Westminster, that
is, boycotted the British Parliament and formed themselves as Dáil Éireann (assembly
of Ireland). Simultaneously, the Irish Volunteers, now calling themselves the Irish
Republican Army (IRA), launched a sustained guerrilla war against British forces in
Ireland. Britain responded with a counterinsurgency against the IRA, while working to
separate the constitutional nationalists from the revolutionary republicans within Sinn
Féin and the Dáil.
In 1921 a ceasefire led to negotiations that produced the Anglo-Irish Treaty. The treaty
partitioned Ireland into two states: Twenty-six counties were given some powers of
self-government as a dominion within the British Empire, while six counties in Ulster
(Northern Ireland) remained part of the United Kingdom—much more than home rule,
far less than an Irish republic. The Dáil accepted the treaty by a vote of sixty-four to
fifty-seven, and its supporters, led by Griffith and Michael Collins (1890–1922), the
IRA's director of intelligence, formed the Irish Free State. Three-quarters of the IRA,
however, rejected the treaty, leading to the Irish Civil War (1922–1923). The Free
State Army, supported by Britain, defeated the IRA, but the IRA leadership ordered its
units to place their weapons in secret arms depots and to disperse without surrender.
The defeated republicans embodied in the self-described "semi-constitutional" political
party Fianna Fáil ("soldiers of destiny") and with IRA electoral support, gained control
of the Irish Free State in the 1932 election. Led by de Valera, however, Fianna Fáil did
not declare an independent republic; their opponents, a five-party coalition government
led by fine Gael ("kindred of the Irish"), did that in 1948 when they briefly won power.
Although often cited as England's first colony, scholars continue to debate the extent to
which Ireland was a colony. Revisionist historians have challenged nationalist histories,
arguing that the British-Irish connection was far more complex than a simple colonial
relationship and that partition reflected that there were always two nations within
Ireland. Given that such revisionism emerged during the resumption of physical-force
nationalism in Northern Ireland, its opponents argue that it is a conservative, perhaps
even Unionist, ideology designed to confront change in Ireland and that it serves as little
more than an apology for British colonialism. More recently, literary and cultural studies
have developed postcolonial theories that locate Ireland firmly within the third world
experience, essentially viewing Ireland's colonial past and resistance to British
imperialism within the same framework as, for example, India or Ghana.