Online English Summarizer tool, free and accurate!
CHAPTER 5
originally had an ending containing an i-sound (either a vowel or its equivalent [y]) that caused the mutation of the root vowel but was lost afterwards consonantal
MODERN SURVIVALS OF CASE AND NUMBER In all declensions, the genitive plural form ended in -a. This ending survived as [al (written -e) in Middle English in a construction called the "genitive of measure, and its effects continue in Modern English (with loss of [a], which dropped away in all final positions) in such phrases as a sixty-mile drive and six-foot tall (rather than miles and feet). Though feet may occur in the latter construction, only often foot is idiomatic in three-foot board and six-foot man. Mile and foot in such expressions are historically genitive plurals derived from the Old English forms mila and fõta, rather than the irregular forms they now appear to be.
The dative plural, which was -um for all declensions, survives in the antiquated form whilom, from Old English hwilum 'at times,' and in the analogical seldom (earlier seldan). The dative singular ending -e, characteristic of the majority of Old English nouns, survives in the word alive, from Old English on life. The Old English voiced f between vowels, later spelled v, is preserved in the Modern English form, though the final vowel is no longer pronounced.
There are only a very few relics of Old English feminine genitives without-s, for instance, Lady Chapel and ladybird, for Our Lady's Chapel and Our Lady's bird. The feminine ō-stem genitive singular ended in -e, which was completely lost in pronunciation by the end of the fourteenth century, along with all other final e's of whatever origin.
The forms discussed in these paragraphs are about the only traces left of Old English noun inflections, other than the plural and genitive singular forms ins (along with a few mutated plurals). One of the most significant differences between Old English and Modern English nouns is that Old English had no device for indi- cating plurality alone-apart from case. It was not until Middle English times that the plural nominative-accusative -es (from OE -as) drove out the other case forms of the plural (save for the comparatively rare genitive of measure construction dis cussed above).
MODIFIERS Pres
DEMONSTRATIVES
There were two demonstratives in Old English. The more frequent was that used where we might have a definite article; it can be translated as either 'the' or 'that, those.' Its forms were as follows:
Nom.
Acc.
Gen.
Dat.
Ins.
Masculine
sẽ, se
bone
pæs
pæm
Neuter
bæt
bæt
bæs
bæm
Feminine
seo ba
Plural
ba
ba
bære
pære
bāra
þy, þon, þë
þy, þon, þe
þæm
CHAPTER 5
originally had an ending containing an i-sound (either a vowel or its equivalent [y]) that caused the mutation of the root vowel but was lost afterwards consonantal
MODERN SURVIVALS OF CASE AND NUMBER In all declensions, the genitive plural form ended in -a. This ending survived as [al (written -e) in Middle English in a construction called the "genitive of measure, and its effects continue in Modern English (with loss of [a], which dropped away in all final positions) in such phrases as a sixty-mile drive and six-foot tall (rather than miles and feet). Though feet may occur in the latter construction, only often foot is idiomatic in three-foot board and six-foot man. Mile and foot in such expressions are historically genitive plurals derived from the Old English forms mila and fõta, rather than the irregular forms they now appear to be.
The dative plural, which was -um for all declensions, survives in the antiquated form whilom, from Old English hwilum 'at times,' and in the analogical seldom (earlier seldan). The dative singular ending -e, characteristic of the majority of Old English nouns, survives in the word alive, from Old English on life. The Old English voiced f between vowels, later spelled v, is preserved in the Modern English form, though the final vowel is no longer pronounced.
There are only a very few relics of Old English feminine genitives without-s, for instance, Lady Chapel and ladybird, for Our Lady's Chapel and Our Lady's bird. The feminine ō-stem genitive singular ended in -e, which was completely lost in pronunciation by the end of the fourteenth century, along with all other final e's of whatever origin.
The forms discussed in these paragraphs are about the only traces left of Old English noun inflections, other than the plural and genitive singular forms ins (along with a few mutated plurals). One of the most significant differences between Old English and Modern English nouns is that Old English had no device for indi- cating plurality alone-apart from case. It was not until Middle English times that the plural nominative-accusative -es (from OE -as) drove out the other case forms of the plural (save for the comparatively rare genitive of measure construction dis cussed above).
MODIFIERS Pres
DEMONSTRATIVES
There were two demonstratives in Old English. The more frequent was that used where we might have a definite article; it can be translated as either 'the' or 'that, those.' Its forms were as follows:
Nom.
Acc.
Gen.
Dat.
Ins.
Masculine
sẽ, se
bone
pæs
pæm
Neuter
bæt
bæt
bæs
bæm
Feminine
seo ba
Plural
ba
ba
bære
pære
bāra
þy, þon, þë
þy, þon, þe
þæm
Summarize English and Arabic text using the statistical algorithm and sorting sentences based on its importance
You can download the summary result with one of any available formats such as PDF,DOCX and TXT
ٌYou can share the summary link easily, we keep the summary on the website for future reference,except for private summaries.
We are working on adding new features to make summarization more easy and accurate
تلعب الدولة دورًا حاسمًا في مواجهة التضخم من خلال السياسات النقدية والمالية. فعلى صعيد السياسة النقد...
من خلال إطلاع الباحث على الدراسات السابقة ذات الصلة بموضوع الدراسة واستجابة التوصيات تلك الدراسات، ي...
أدخل في روح اللعب في بعض الأحيان، يحتاج الكبار إلى الدخول في روح اللعب مع تلاميذهم. يتيح ذلك للبالغ...
المبحث الأول: بداية الصراع. شهدت أوروبـا وجـود الـديانتين اليهوديـة، والنـصرانية، وقـد حرفتـا، ِِ وو...
فيرتكز الطبيب الجراح على ما يرد في تقرير طبيب الأشعة إلى خبرته ومعرفته وتقييم حالة المريض الذي طلبت ...
حيث إن شركة مسارات لتجهيزات الملاعب ذ.م.م ("المحكمة")، وهي شركة توفر معدات رياضية وتقدم خدمات تقنية،...
اخذ السلب : لا ها الله إذن ( أي والله ) لا يعمد ( أي الرسول ) إلى أسد من أسود الله ( أي أبو قتادة ( ...
تبدأ الرواية من لدى البطلة التي تدعى ” جيروشها أبوت “ , لكنها كانت تكره اسمها وت فضل ان تتم مناداتها...
ينبغي عليه التعلم من هذه الأخطاء وعدم الاستسلام لها مهما كانت، والتعامل معها بشكل إيجابي، واعتبارها ...
1.Enhancing Efficiency: Streamlining the process of accessing and utilizing electronic health record...
مفهوم التجهيز والتكييف السمعي عند الصم يشير إلى مجموعة من اإلجراءات والتقنيات التي تهدف إلى تحسين ا...
L’Atlas Saharien montre un plissement particulier très caractéristique de la chaîne. L’orientation g...