Lakhasly

Tissue engineering concept is meaning the replacement of damaged tissues including the skin, bones, cartilage, lymph nodes, blood vessels, muscles, and other tissues. The electrospinning process is a very effective method and provides a simpler means for manufacturing tissue scaffold mesh of micron- to submicron-sized fibers (Fig. 7). Various types of scaffolds have been generated for human tissue and organ regeneration, including bones [116], cartilage [117], arterial blood vessels [118], nerves [119], heart [120], etc. The use of electrospinning techniques to create nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering has been increased because these scaffolds positively enhance cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions with the cells having a normal phenotypic shape [115, 121]. The electrospun nanofibers, which are used in the scaffold preparation, need to be well prepared and must have dimension uniformity. In addition, other requirements such as large surface area, high porosity (better pore size distribution), perfect mechanical properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non- toxicity to the cell are also remarkable factors when using electrospinning process in tissue engineering [122]. Both natural and synthetic polymers electrospun nanofibers have been used in making these scaffolds like collagen [47], Poly (lactic acid) [123], gelatin [29], polyurethane [61,120], poly(ε-caprolactone)/Zein [124] and polyamide-6,6/chitosan [46]. Natural polymers are often used for preparing nanofibrous scaffolds more than synthetic polymer, because of their enhanced biocompatibility and bio-functional concepts, such as silk protein, collagen, fibrinogen, alginate, hyaluronic acid, starch and chitosan [26- 28]. Generally, the aligned scaffold produced by electrospinning with a rotational collector exhibits a characteristic fiber alignment when compared to the random fibrous mats generated with normal static collector [10]

Tissue engineering
concept is meaning the replacement of damaged
tissues including the skin, bones, cartilage,
lymph nodes, blood vessels, muscles, and
other tissues. The electrospinning process is a
very effective method and provides a simpler
means for manufacturing tissue scaffold mesh
of micron- to submicron-sized fibers (Fig. 7).
Various types of scaffolds have been generated
for human tissue and organ regeneration,
including bones [116], cartilage [117], arterial
blood vessels [118], nerves [119], heart [120], etc.
The use of electrospinning techniques to create
nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering has
been increased because these scaffolds positively
enhance cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions
with the cells having a normal phenotypic
shape [115, 121]. The electrospun nanofibers,
which are used in the scaffold preparation, need
to be well prepared and must have dimension
uniformity. In addition, other requirements such
as large surface area, high porosity (better pore
size distribution), perfect mechanical properties,
biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-
toxicity to the cell are also remarkable factors
when using electrospinning process in tissue
engineering [122]. Both natural and synthetic
polymers electrospun nanofibers have been used
in making these scaffolds like collagen [47], Poly
(lactic acid) [123], gelatin [29], polyurethane
[61,120], poly(ε-caprolactone)/Zein [124] and
polyamide-6,6/chitosan [46]. Natural polymers
are often used for preparing nanofibrous scaffolds
more than synthetic polymer, because of their
enhanced biocompatibility and bio-functional
concepts, such as silk protein, collagen, fibrinogen,
alginate, hyaluronic acid, starch and chitosan [26-
28]. Generally, the aligned scaffold produced by
electrospinning with a rotational collector exhibits
a characteristic fiber alignment when compared to
the random fibrous mats generated with normal
static collector [10]