Fuel system Most fai...

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Fuel system Most failures involve the fuel system.Each UI is a self-contained unit, with its own high-pressure pump operated by an engine-driven camshaft or, in the case of the Hydraulic Electronic Unit Injector (HEUD), by oil pressure.Operating at almost zero pressure, the return line conveys surplus fuel from the injectors back to the tank, filter, or to the inlet side of injector pump.For many applications, the connecting plumbing takes the form of dedicated lines from pump to the individual injectors.The unit pump system (UPS) is a hybrid, with each injector served by a dedicated pump plunger operating off the engine camshaft.This includes the tank strainer, in-tank pump (on many vehicles), water-fuel separator, filter(s), and lift pump.Low-pressure circuit.

Original text

Fuel system
Most failures involve the fuel system. This system consists of three circuits, each operating at a different pressure. Low-pressure circuit. This includes the tank strainer, in-tank pump (on many vehicles), water-fuel separator, filter(s), and lift pump. Pressures vary with the application, but rarely exceed 75 psi.

Fuel-return circuit. Operating at almost zero pressure, the return line conveys surplus fuel from the injectors back to the tank, filter, or to the inlet side of injector pump. Many of these systems include a restrictor orifice between the fuel-supply line and the return line. The orifice can clog, closing off the fuel return. Air leaks become a matter of concern when fuel is returned to the filter or injector pump, and not to the tank.

High-pressure circuit. As shown in Fig. 4-1, the high-pressure circuit connects the discharge side of the injector pump with the injectors. For many applications, the connecting plumbing takes the form of dedicated lines from pump to the individual injectors. A more modern approach is to supply the injectors from a common manifold, or rail. The third alternative does away with the external high-pressure circuit by employing unit injectors (UIs). Each UI is a self-contained unit, with its own high-pressure pump operated by an engine-driven camshaft or, in the case of the Hydraulic Electronic Unit Injector (HEUD), by oil pressure. The unit pump system (UPS) is a hybrid, with each injector served by a dedicated pump plunger operating off the engine camshaft. Plunger-to injector lines are pressurized.

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