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Inorganic nanoparticles including semiconductor quantum dots, iron oxide nanoparticles, and gold nanoparticles have been developed as contrast agents for diagnostics by molecular imaging.Then within non-ionic iodine it is divided by the osmolarity or number of molecules in which lower osmolarity is preferred from the point of view of harmful effects.Compared with conventional contrast agents, nanoparticles offer several advantages: their optical and magnetic properties can be tailored by engineering the composition, structure, size and shape; Their surfaces can be modified using ligands to target specific biomarkers of disease; The contrast enhancement provided can be equivalent to millions of molecular counterparts; It can be combined with a range of different functions for multimedia shooting.Here we review recent advances in the development of inorganic nanoparticle-based contrast agents for molecular imaging, with a touch on contrast enhancement, surface modification, tissue targeting, clearance, and toxicity.
Inorganic nanoparticles including semiconductor quantum dots, iron oxide nanoparticles, and gold nanoparticles have been developed as contrast agents for diagnostics by molecular imaging. Compared with conventional contrast agents, nanoparticles offer several advantages: their optical and magnetic properties can be tailored by engineering the composition, structure, size and shape; Their surfaces can be modified using ligands to target specific biomarkers of disease; The contrast enhancement provided can be equivalent to millions of molecular counterparts; It can be combined with a range of different functions for multimedia shooting. Here we review recent advances in the development of inorganic nanoparticle-based contrast agents for molecular imaging, with a touch on contrast enhancement, surface modification, tissue targeting, clearance, and toxicity. As research efforts intensify, highly sensitive, target-specific and safe inorganic nanoparticle-based contrast agents are expected to enter into clinical applications in the near future.
Contrast agents from air to barium to iodine play a critical role in X-ray and CT imaging by improving anatomical contrast and improving the visualization of structures including: the gastrointestinal tract, the vascular system, and soft tissue lesions. X-ray imaging is used in combination with contrast media with different types of contrast agents (negative, neutral and positive), and its applications are gastrointestinal, circulatory and soft tissue imaging.
Contrast agents are separated into negative contrast such as air and carbon dioxide, neutral such as water and positive contrast such as barium and iodine. Barium is primarily used to image the gastrointestinal tract with positive contrast by swallowing or enema. Iodine is primarily used for imaging blood vessels and soft tissues and is separated into ionic versus non-ionic (since ionic is no longer truly used). Then within non-ionic iodine it is divided by the osmolarity or number of molecules in which lower osmolarity is preferred from the point of view of harmful effects.
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