لخّصلي

Lecture Worldview and Identity
Lesson plan:
• Worldview as a complex mechanism
• Social identity
• Worldview of Russian civilization as a system.Pentabasis–civilizationalRussia code
• National and identity politics

1.Worldview as a complex mechanism
Worldview is a system of views on the objective world and man’s place in it, on man’s attitude to the reality around him and to himself.
The structure of the worldview includes:
knowledge,
ideas,
principles (point of view), beliefs, ideals (goals), spiritual and moral values; life attitudes.

Everyday worldviewcoincides with common sense and is a product of people’s everyday life, in the sphere of which their needs are met.
Religious worldviewis a spiritual and practical form of belief in the supernatural.
Scientific worldviewrepresents a rationalized theoretical understanding of the results of scientific and practical activities of people.
Philosophical worldviewexpresses a person’s relationship to the world in a system of concepts that capture the universal fundamental foundations of reality.

2 waysformation of worldview Spontaneously
Consciously
based on everyday experience, under the influence of surrounding life
• in the process of rational activity, which is aimed at understanding the world around us

Worldview carriers
• individuals
• social groups
• the whole society
• even all of humanity in one era or another

In society, as a rule, there are simultaneously differentideological principles, values ​​and ideals.
Between bearers of different worldviews there may existdifferent forms of relationships– indifference,
cooperation, tolerance, conflicts.

The formation of a worldview is influenced by:
❑ the social environment in which a person is located (family, work team);
❑the social conditions in which the individual is placed (big city, province or village);
❑political system.

Factors influencing the formationworldview
objective (or external)
subjective (internal)
needs
interests
personal values
person's personal experience
the level of education level of culture
• state
• family
• education
• society values
• culture
• mass media
• language
• events
• • • •
• •

2. Social identity
   •Social identity is a subjectively interpreted social category into which a person is embedded and to which he feels a sense of belonging.
   ➢family
   ➢Class
   ➢floor
   ➢political movement ➢a country
   ➢state

Social identityor awareness of one’s belonging to certain social groups, categories in terms of content includes a number of points.
▪Firstly,This is knowledge, norms, values, symbols or cognitive schemes common to members of a particular group.
▪Secondly,these are certain behavioral strategies. ▪Third,awareness of belonging to a certain group, a feeling of emotional connection (for example, pride).

3. Worldview of Russian civilization as a system
   The system of the Russian state-civilization is based on national identity in the context of Russian federalism and taking into account
   modernlinguoculturalpanorama paintings.

• The worldview of Soviet civilization is a natural continuation of the main range of ideas, approaches and concepts of Russian philosophers and writers. The construction of a socialist society was seen as a great world-historical mission of the Soviet (Russian) people.

• The general principles of the country of Russia, which is complex in many respects, are the definition of the common principles and ideaswhat they form the basis for cohesion, consolidation of Russian society.

Pentabasis– civilizational code of Russia
• As a “state-civilization,” Russia forms a “nationwide civilizational code,” which is intended to act as a limiter on the “spectrum of what is acceptable” both for the individual and the state, and for ideas about the role and place of man in the state and society. It reveals the directions along which national values, concepts and strategies are formed.

Core values
• The integral system of basic values ​​is a set of existing and desired qualities of a person, social structures, society, state, country as a whole: “country”, “family”, “home”, “person”, “society”, and finally, “state”.

Forms of public organization
• “Man” is a key element of social existence. “Family” is the primary form of social organization. “Society” is a civilization-based form of social organization, a “family of families.” And finally, “state” is “organized society”.

State
• The state is usually the highest form of organization of people, or the highest form of social organization, A "society"is most often considered as a "traditional society", then the concept of "state" as a phenomenon turns out to be a "people's historical state".

Country-civilization
• As a country, Russia is a symbolically significant part of a “person’s” personal space. From the point of view of the civilizational approach, the civilizational dimension (“country-civilization”), Russia acts as a living subject of history, a “social personality” with which a person and citizen have an internal connection.

Pentabasis– civilizational code of Russia
• Defining Russia as a “state-civilization” we inevitably talk about a “national civilizational code” as a limiter of what is “permissible” for an individual and the state, as well as for ideas about the place and significance of a person in the state and society. This “code” reveals the directions for the formation of national values, concepts and strategies.

"Pentabasis»: Person-Family-Society-Country-State.
• The basic factors and structures of socio-historical development (organization of social life) are a solid foundation, called according to five main elements"Pentabasis»:Person-Family-Society-Country- State.

Universal concepts and value dominants
• Since each of the elements "Pentabasis"is one of the most generalized, universal concepts, it makes sense to highlightvalue dominants,having decisive significance for the listed factors and structures of socio-historical development (organization of social life).

Man (creation).
• “Creation” as a dominant value in human development is revealed as “success”, “self-actualization"", "dependence of success and well- being on personal efforts", "orientation towards personal growth and development", "civic self-awareness", "awareness of oneself as a part of society, country, state."

Family (traditions).
• “Family” is the oldest social institution, the emergence of which allowed humanity to develop in its early stages and contributed to the emergence of numerous ancient civilizations. The main value dominant of the family is “traditions”, which at the level of value settings are revealed as “family traditions”, “family and children”, “family as a union of generations, where there is respect for elders and care for younger ones”, “family as a space of security, love and support."

Society (consent).
• -Since “the family is the primary unit of society,” this means that “society” is created on the basis of common interests. At the heart of the unification of many “primary cells” is a value constant"agreement",which at the level of value attitudes is revealed as “mutual assistance and support”, “tolerance of different opinions”, rejection of everything that splits society, condemnation of discrimination based on nationality, religion, age (ageism) sign.No. 1. – P. 3-8.
•

State (trust).
• In order to overcome emerging discrepancies and contradictions, to prevent their development and manifestation in the most extreme forms (war, crime, etc.), people created a state. People and various social structures trust themselves to be managed and pay managers money for work that is important to society. States arise through trust and successfully develop on the basis of trust, which ensures stability and sustainability of social development."Confidence"as a value there is recognition of the competence and effectiveness of government, its openness, respectful attitude towards people, the unity of goals of government and society, “consent to democratic procedures” (elections).

Country (patriotism)
• In a “country” where “person”, “family”, “society” are under the protection and management of the “state”, an understanding of the value of what has been achieved is naturally formed, a desire to preserve and strengthen achievements, that is"patriotism", which at the level of value settings means “to identify oneself with the country, to connect one’s life with the country, to see the future of one’s children in it,” “to be proud of the country,” “to understand the importance of protecting the integrity, sovereignty, and independence of Russia’s path.”

National and identity politics.
• Constitutional foundations of the national policy of the Russian Federation:
• - prohibition of any form of restriction of the rights of a citizen based on nationality;
• - timely and peaceful resolution of contradictions and conflicts;
• - promoting the development of national cultures and languages ​​of the
peoples of the Russian Federation;
• - protection of the rights and interests of citizens of the Russian Federation outside its borders; support for compatriots living in foreign countries;
• - guarantee of the rights of indigenous peoples.

Main directions of national policy:

• legislative reinforcement of respectful attitude towards people of all nationalities and ethnic groups;


• creation of the most favorable conditions for the free
  development of all peoples, coordination of national interests;


• prevention and humane resolution of interethnic conflicts;


• assistance in the development of the cultural identity of each people while maintaining the historical integrity of Russia.

National identity
• National identity is a socio-psychological and cultural phenomenon (from the Latinidentifico - I identify), aimed at the formation and development of the national-civic identity of the inhabitants of Russia asRussians. National-civic identity is a patriotic position, commitment to the values ​​and interests of one’s common Motherland - Russia.

Worldview principles (constants) of Russian civilization
• Valuesin the most general form can be defined as something significant for a person. The area of ​​philosophy that studies
values ​​isaxiology.Values in the modern understanding, these are natural, cultural, material and ideal objects, relationships, processes that are significant for humans.

Classification of values
AccordingtotheresultsofasociologicalsurveyconductedbyVTsIOMin2020, Russiansnamedthehealthandsafetyoflovedonesinfirstplaceamongthevalues​​(99%say
Classification of values
Types of values
Content
Vital
Associated with the ideals of a healthy life, physical and spiritual health, an ideal lifestyle
Social
Associated with social well-being, position, well-being, comfortable work
Political
Associated with the ideals of freedom, law and order and social security, guarantees of civil equality

According to the results of a sociological survey conducted by VTsIOM in 2020, in first place among the values ​​Russians named:
▪health and safety of loved ones (99% consider them important).
▪material well-being of the family (96%),
▪ecology in the place of residence (95%),
▪social infrastructure in their locality (95%),
▪having the opportunity to communicate with friends and family (95%)
▪economic and political situation in the country as a whole (91%).

Value foundations of the Russian worldview.
• The “Fundamentals of State Policy for the Preservation and Strengthening of Traditional Russian Spiritual and Moral Values” (hereinafter referred to as the “Fundamentals”), approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 9, 2022, defines a system of goals, objectives and tools for the implementation of the strategic national priority “Protection of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values”. moral values, culture and historical memory" insofar as it concerns the protection of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values.

Traditional values
• Traditional values- these are moral guidelines that form a worldview, passed on from generation to generation, underlying the all-Russian civil identity and a single cultural space of the country, strengthening civil unity, which have found their unique, original manifestation in the spiritual, historical and cultural development of the multinational people of Russia.Russia.

Traditional values:
• In the “Fundamentals of State Policy for the Preservation and Strengthening of Traditional Russian Spiritual and Moral Values”, approved by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 9, 2022, these traditional values ​​are specifically named:
• - life, dignity, human rights and freedoms;
• - patriotism, citizenship, service to the Fatherland and responsibility for its fate;
• - high moral ideals;
• - a strong family;
• - creative work;
• - priority of the spiritual over the material;
• - humanism, mercy, justice, collectivism, mutual assistance and mutual respect;
• - historical memory and continuity of generations;
• - unity of the peoples of Russia.

Value core:
• Traditional values ​​constitute the value core of the Russian sociocultural world. In accordance with the set proposed in the Decree, we can distinguishvalue core:faith, economy, economy, service, conciliarity,sovereignty, truth, justice, love, compassion, conscience, freedom as good will, beauty, human dignity.

Value consensus
• Consolidationsociety is determined by “value consensus” - recognition of the significance of each component of the value core and the importance of its preservation as a whole, because all the values ​​included in it are interconnected. Each of them can be fully realized only in combination with others (so,sovereigntyimpossible without faith, service, conciliarity; justice - without truth and conscience).

Faith
• Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Judaism and other religions (shamanism, etc.), which are an integral part of the Russian historical and spiritual heritage, had a significant influence on the formation of traditional values. Orthodoxy plays a special role in the formation and strengthening of traditional values.

Faith
• Faith is immediate personal conviction, the recognition of something as true without evidence or justification.
• Faith in the history of Russia strengthened and guided not only religious leaders, but also Russian soldiers, farmers, and scientists.

• However, firstly, it is very likely that faith will degenerate into various superstitions from primitive witchcraft and the search for the devil inbarcodeto very serious political options, when the state, an individual (leader), tradition, “people, etc.” are sanctified or deified.

• Secondly, faith should not turn into fanaticism, manifested in the aggressive propagation of one’s views and intolerance towards others. It is fanaticism that often gives rise to various forms of extremism.

• Third, maintain a balance of faith and critical reflection in relation to anything or anyone, including in relation to values. Violation of this balance leads, on the one hand, to sociocultural chaos, and on the other, to the despotism of the state or person, in which “holiness” is personified.

• Fourth, a danger is associated with religious faith, albeit indirectlyclericalizationsociety, manifested in the desire of religious organizations to control all aspects of public life, including political..

• You should also remember aboutmulti-confessionalismRussia, which excludes the claim of any denomination or religious organization to exclusivity.

Service
• The role of service in the value core of the Russian sociocultural world is extremely important. For service in the most general sense of the word can be considered as a proper way of a person’s existence, a worthy existence. Service expresses a person’s attitude towards any matter.

• Service presupposes a conscientious attitude towards one’s work, the desire to perform it flawlessly, mastery of skills, and improvement in skill. But service does not allow you to treat what you do purelytechnocratically. It is important not only how you do something, but also why you do it. There must always be a goal that stands above the organization of the business itself.

• Service, perceived as a duty, is alien to primitive personal self- interest. Moreover, it is often sacrificial in nature. You have to sacrifice not only peace and pleasure, but sometimes your own life.

Sobornost
• The term “conciliarity” arose among the Slavophiles in the 19th century, thanks to the works of A. S. Khomyakov and Yu. F. Samarin, and meant unity in plurality, agreement of wills, “the grace of mutual love,” “identity of freedom and unity,” “freedom of existential self- realization”, “symphonic personality”.

• It is important to remember that conciliarity is not so much a property of phenomena, but rather a value, that is, an object of aspiration. This, of course, does not mean that conciliarity as such is absent in the empirical world. Conciliarity as a value has at least a normative status in the world.

POWER
• Powerthere is a way of historically realizing the idea of ​​conciliarity. Accepted as a value, it gives meaning to the existence of national culture, or civilization, namely that Russia is a historical phenomenon, having its own purpose and having the necessary time to carry out its historical mission.

Power
• Power– the most important value basis of sovereignty. The most difficult to understandpowersHow the value of national culture is the question of the historical destiny of Russia. After all, any state can and should satisfy the practical needs of its citizens. This means that Russia, as a power, must also have a task of a different scale.

JUSTICE
• Justice is one of the most important values ​​of the Russian socio- cultural world, which is manifested in interpersonal relationships, and in person-society and person-state, and state-state relations. In Russian culture, it is understood as a universal characteristic of social relations in general, their proper state. The perception of justice is closely related to truth, as well assovereignty, conscience, human dignity. Justice acts as the arrangement of social relations in truth, creating the opportunity to act in them according to conscience, respecting the dignity of all participants.

Justice andsovereignty
• Powerincludes an aspect of fairness. A power built in truth is the embodiment of justice. The state also acts as a guarantor of justice. The sovereign guarantees of the socio-economic aspect of justice are expressed in the status of Russia as a social state, enshrined in Art. 7 of the Constitution and a number of its other articles and legal acts guaranteeing the social rights of Russians. Justice, which embodies truth, is the most important legitimating basis of Russian statehood.

LOVE
•
• The principle of value, the oldest concept of Russian culture, in a variety of meanings representing the completeness of the moral world of the Russian person. In Russian philosophy and fiction, love appears in the fullness of its meanings, as divine love, spiritual unity, as a patriotic feeling of love for the Fatherland, as a moral feeling addressed to parents, family, and a loved one. Love is the basis of human spiritual life and the highest spiritual value. Love as a religious feeling is fundamentally love for God, in which a person experiences the depth of love for another person.

COMPASSION
•
• Compassion and mercy constitute the most important element of religious life. Compassion is perceived in culture as such a universal value that a person can sometimes expect compassion for himself even from wild animals and the elements. Mercy and mercy cannot be earned; compassion is not earned, but is expected from others and shown to others. The collective element of compassion, manifested in the feeling of closeness and unity of all living things, is also basic for morality.

CONSCIENCE
• Conscience refers to such concepts of the value system of Russian thought, which are formed, on the one hand, on the basis of the previous tradition, on the other hand, in the very concept, verbal expression, they already reveal the uniqueness and originality of the meanings given by the Russian worldview. The concept of conscience becomes central in the Slavic world and peripheral in Romance languages, in which consciousness and conscience are denoted by one word.

Main threats and risks to traditional values
•Thetraditionalvalues​​ofmodernRussiansocietyarethreatenedby the activities of extremist and terrorist organizations, some media and mass communications, hostile actions of the United States of America and other unfriendly foreign states, a number of transnational corporations, domestic and foreign commercial, non- profit organizations and individuals in Russia.

Risks of destructive ideology:
• - creating conditions for self-destruction of society, weakening family, friendships and other social ties;
• - strengthening the sociocultural stratification of society, reducing the role of social partnership, devaluing the ideas of creative work and mutual assistance;
• -causingharmtothemoralhealthofpeople,imposingideasthatimplythedenialofhuman dignity and the value of human life;
• -theintroductionofantisocialstereotypesofbehavior,thespreadofanimmorallifestyle, permissiveness and violence, an increase in the use of alcohol and drugs;
• -theformationofasocietythatneglectsspiritualandmoralvalues;
• -distortionofhistoricaltruth,destructionofhistoricalmemory;
• -denialofRussianidentity,weakeningoftheall-Russiancivicidentityandunityofthe multinational people of Russia, creating conditions for interethnic and interreligious conflicts;
• - undermining trust in state institutions, discrediting the idea of ​​serving the Fatherland, creating a negative attitude towards military service and public service in general.

Preservation and strengthening of traditional values: goals and objectives
• Main goals and objectives in this area:
• - preservation and strengthening of traditional values, ensuring their transmission from generation to
generation;
• - countering the spread of destructive ideology;
• - creation at the international level of the image of the Russian state as the custodian and defender of traditional universal spiritual and moral values.
• - strengthening civil unity, all-Russian civic identity and Russian identity, interethnic and interreligious harmony based on the unifying role of traditional values;
• - preserving historical memory, countering attempts to falsify history, preserving the historical experience of the formation of traditional values ​​and their influence on Russian history, including the life and work of outstanding figures of Russia;

• preservation, strengthening and promotion of traditional family values ​​(including protection of the institution of marriage as a union of a man and a woman), ensuring the continuity of generations, caring for a decent life for the older generation, forming an idea of ​​preserving the people of Russia as the main strategic national priority;


• implementation of state information policy aimed at strengthening the role of traditional values ​​in the mass consciousness and countering the spread of destructive ideology;


• education in the spirit of respect for traditional values ​​as a key instrument of state policy in the field of education and culture, necessary for the formation of a harmoniously developed personality;


• support for public projects and civil society institutions in the field of patriotic education and preservation of the historical and cultural heritage of the peoples of Russia;


• support for religious organizations of traditional faiths, ensuring their participation in activities aimed at preserving traditional values, counteracting destructive religious movements;


• formation of a state order for scientific research, creation of information and methodological materials (including film chronicles and other audiovisual materials), works of literature and art, provision of services aimed at preserving and popularizing traditional values, as well as ensuring quality control of the implementation of this state order ;

-ensuring state protection of cultural heritage sites (historical and cultural monuments) of the peoples of the Russian Federation, providing access to them in order to popularize them as an environment that forms historical self-awareness, fostering love and respect for the Fatherland;

• support for projects aimed at promoting traditional values ​​in the information environment;


• protection and support of the Russian language as the language of the state-forming people, ensuring compliance with the norms of the modern Russian literary language (including preventing the use of obscene language), countering the excessive use of foreign vocabulary;


• protection from external destructive information and psychological influence, suppression of activities aimed at destroying traditional values ​​in Russia;


• increasing the role of Russia in the world through the promotion of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values ​​based on primordial universal values.

Savingtraditional values
To achieve these goals and objectives, coordination of the activities of all government agencies, adjustment of regulations, government funding, monitoring and other necessary actions are provided.
• Modern attention to the preservation of traditional values ​​is understandable given the Russian historical experience. Deviation from value constants led to increased social tension, a crisis in society and the state, revolutions, civil wars and outside interventions.
• Each value included in the value core of the Russian sociocultural world is associated with national statehood. Values ​​are the basis of statehood, require protection from the state and embodiment in government institutions and actions.

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