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Dr.But he stands out among others of his time for the sheer brilliance of his work.As the use of the scientific method developed by Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes took hold during the Enlightenment, an incredible growth in the understanding of mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology occurred, thus greatly accelerating the scientific revolution that began late in the Renaissance.The era was given this name because it was a time when an influential group of scholars, writers, artists and scientists actively sought to use the clear light of reason that is rational thought, to rid the world of superstition and ignorance.As a result of their efforts, tremendous improvements in the understanding of mathematics and science occurred, and bold new ideas regarding basic human rights and democracy were developed that served as major inspirations to revolutionaries in both America and France near the end of the Renaissance.Descartes was a pioneer in mathematically formulating the basic laws that govern the movement of things from the rolling of ocean waves to the spinning of windmills.During the first half of the 17th century, two men, Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes, each published important books that came to inspire generations of scientists and scholars.Meanwhile, across the English Channel, in France, the brilliant French mathematician Rene Descartes published a book that proclaimed that reason and mathematics were all that one really needed to discover truth in the sciences.S. HAMIDI

Introduction

The Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason, is the name given to an important period in the history of Western civilization that followed the Renaissance.The great English Enlightenment era mathematician and physicist Isaac Newton owes much to the ideas of Descartes and Bacon.

Dr. S. HAMIDI

Introduction

The Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason, is the name given to an important period in the history of Western civilization that followed the Renaissance. The Enlightenment occurred roughly from the mid-1600s up through the end of the 1700's, and was a time when the human ability to reason was glorified. The word Enlightenment means a time of illumination. The era was given this name because it was a time when an influential group of scholars, writers, artists and scientists actively sought to use the clear light of reason that is rational thought, to rid the world of superstition and ignorance.

As a result of their efforts, tremendous improvements in the understanding of mathematics and science occurred, and bold new ideas regarding basic human rights and democracy were developed that served as major inspirations to revolutionaries in both America and France near the end of the Renaissance. During the first half of the 17th century, two men, Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes, each published important books that came to inspire generations of scientists and scholars. In fact, many historians consider these two men to be the Fathers of the Enlightenment. Francis Bacon was born in England in 1561, and it was during his days as a student at Cambridge University's Trinity College that many of his important new ideas began to take shape. Bacon came to believe that science could free ordinary people from ignorance and allow them to lead more productive and comfortable lives. But he knew that in order for this to happen, the minds of human beings first had to be freed from the careless and uncritical ways of thinking that were prevalent at that time. And that was why Francis Bacon promoted a rational approach to science based on experimentation and arriving at generalized conclusions based on careful observation. Meanwhile, across the English Channel, in France, the brilliant French mathematician Rene Descartes published a book that proclaimed that reason and mathematics were all that one really needed to discover truth in the sciences. Descartes likened the universe to a perfect clock that had been designed and built by a master clockmaker. that is, by an all-powerful God, a God who had set the universe into motion and then left it alone. Descartes was a pioneer in mathematically formulating the basic laws that govern the movement of things from the rolling of ocean waves to the spinning of windmills. And he invented a new type of mathematics called analytic geometry.

The ideas promoted by Descartes and Bacon proved to be extremely important because they led to the development of what is called the scientific method, a series of simple, rational steps that can be followed to help solve even the most complicated scientific problems. As the use of the scientific method developed by Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes took hold during the Enlightenment, an incredible growth in the understanding of mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology occurred, thus greatly accelerating the scientific revolution that began late in the Renaissance.

The great English Enlightenment era mathematician and physicist Isaac Newton owes much to the ideas of Descartes and Bacon. But he stands out among others of his time for the sheer brilliance of his work. Newton was born in England in 1642, just six years before Descartes died. After completing his course of study, a serious outbreak of the deadly bubonic plague forced Newton to escape to the safety of his