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INTRODUCTION o Blood is the life fluid of the human body, and it is essential for health and homeostasis.o This vasoconstriction is immediately followed by vasodilation, which increases blood flow to the injured area in an attempt to dilute toxins and provide the area with essential immune cells (e.g., neutrophils and monocytes), nutrients, and oxygen.It is a plasma protein which aids in blood coagulation through catalyzing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin o Plasmin is an enzyme that dissolves clots once healing has occurred Inflammatory Response o Damage or trauma to body tissue triggers a series of reactions referred to as the inflammatory response.o The approximately 5 liters of blood continuously circulating in the human body provides nutrients and oxygen to tissues while aiding in the excretion of waste products.Oxyhemoglobin Normal Hematopoietic Function Dr. Hedaya Hina Dr. Hedaya Hina o Hematocrit refers to how much of the blood volume comprises erythrocytes or the percentage of red cells in your blood..o Plasma is a transport medium that carries the blood cells as well as antibodies, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, lipids, and waste products.o Inflammatory response is triggered by a set of mediators, or mast cells, including: histamine (stimulates vasodilation) and prostaglandins (stimulates pain receptors in the area).2.

INTRODUCTION
• Blood is the life fluid of the human body, and it is essential for health and
homeostasis.
• The approximately 5 liters of blood continuously circulating in the human body
provides nutrients and oxygen to tissues while aiding in the excretion of waste
products.
• Blood consists of:

1. Plasma (liquid protein).


2. Blood cells (leukocytes (white blood cells), and erythrocytes (red blood cells))


3. Thrombocytes (platelets)
   • Disease occurs when there are too few, too many, or dysfunctional blood
   components.
   Dr. Hedaya Hina
   Dr. Hedaya Hina
   • Hematopoiesis is the process of blood formation, and it occurs primarily in the bone marrow.
   • Plasma is a transport medium that carries the blood cells as well as antibodies, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, lipids, and waste products.
   • Leukocytes are key players in the inflammatory response and
   infectious process
   • Erythrocytes are disk-shaped cells that carry oxygen
   to tissues and transport carbon dioxide out of the
   tissues.
   • Erythrocytes contain proteins and hemoglobin,
   which binds to oxygen, giving blood its red color.
   Oxyhemoglobin
   Normal Hematopoietic Function
   Dr. Hedaya Hina
   Dr. Hedaya Hina
   • Hematocrit refers to how much of the blood volume comprises erythrocytes or the
   percentage of red cells in your blood..
   • Coagulation:
   A. Thrombocytes (platelets), along with clotting factors, control coagulation.
   Platelets containing contractile proteins pull the edges of the wound together.
   B. Clotting is a quick chain reaction stimulated by the release of thromboplastin
   from damaged cells lining the blood vessels in the area of an injury.
   Thromboplastin is secreted by the platelets. It is a plasma protein which aids in blood
   coagulation through catalyzing the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
   • Plasmin is an enzyme that dissolves clots once healing has occurred Inflammatory Response
   • Damage or trauma to body tissue triggers a series of reactions referred to
   as the inflammatory response.
   • The inflammatory reaction is characterized by:
   o Erythema (redness),
   o Edema (swelling),
   o Heat,
   o and pain at the site of injury.
   • Inflammatory response is triggered by a set of mediators, or mast cells,
   including: histamine (stimulates vasodilation) and prostaglandins
   (stimulates pain receptors in the area).
   Dr. Hedaya Hina
   Inflammatory Response
   • Immediately after the injury, arterioles in the area briefly go into spasm
   and constrict to limit bleeding and the extent of injury.
   • This vasoconstriction is immediately followed by vasodilation, which
   increases blood flow to the injured area in an attempt to dilute toxins and
   provide the area with essential immune cells (e.g., neutrophils and
   monocytes), nutrients, and oxygen.
   • The vasodilation increases capillary permeability; as permeability
   increases, leukocytes line the vessel wall in preparation for migration into
   the surrounding tissue.