لخّصلي

Antitumor There is notable anticancer therapeutic potential for actinomycetes, especially those whose products are associated with minimal side effects compared to conventional chemotherapy, for instance the compound salinosporamide A [127].These hybrid BGCs and CGCs are prospective sources of novel secondary metabolites and chemotherapeutic agents for pharmaceuticals.Marine actinomycin compounds with antitumor potential include streptochlorin, actinofuranones, aureoverticillactam, chalocomycin B, cyanosporasides, komodoquinones, nonactin, resitoflavine, sporolides, tetracenomycin D, thiocoraline, t- muurolol, butenolides, echinosporins, and streptokordin.Ketomycin suppressed cellular migration and invasion in breast carcinoma cells, inhibited NF-?B activity used in upstream signaling by hindering the autophosphorylation of IKK-?/IKK-?, and minimized the 3D-invasion of breast carcinoma cells at nontoxic concentrations [130]. Important secondary metabolites from marine actinomycetes with antitumor potential include streptopyrrolidine, cyclo-(L- Pro-L-Met), streptochlorin, lynamicins, marizomib, and thiocoraline [128].Two examples of novel anticancer metabolites are the compound extracts ULDF4 and ULDF5 derived from Streptomyces strains found at Lagos.These drugs were obtained from Streptomyces verticillus, Streptomyces peucetius, Streptomyces caespitosus, and other intra- generic isolates [107].

Antitumor
There is notable anticancer therapeutic potential for actinomycetes, especially those
whose products are associated with minimal side effects compared to conventional
chemotherapy, for instance the compound salinosporamide A [127]. Adriamycin, isolated
from Streptomyces peucetius [2], inhibits DNA replication and is an anticancer drug. Other
effective products for cancer chemotherapeutics are actinomycin D, bleomycin, anthra-
cyclines (daunorubicin), and mitosanes (mitomycin C). These drugs were obtained from
Streptomyces verticillus, Streptomyces peucetius, Streptomyces caespitosus, and other intra-
generic isolates [107]. Marine actinomycin compounds with antitumor potential include
streptochlorin, actinofuranones, aureoverticillactam, chalocomycin B, cyanosporasides,
komodoquinones, nonactin, resitoflavine, sporolides, tetracenomycin D, thiocoraline, t-
muurolol, butenolides, echinosporins, and streptokordin. Important secondary metabolites
from marine actinomycetes with antitumor potential include streptopyrrolidine, cyclo-(L-
Pro-L-Met), streptochlorin, lynamicins, marizomib, and thiocoraline [128]. Two examples
of novel anticancer metabolites are the compound extracts ULDF4 and ULDF5 derived
from Streptomyces strains found at Lagos. ULDF4 and ULDF5 exhibit cytotoxicity against
human acute myelocytic leukemia, cervical carcinoma, human gastric carcinoma, breast
adenocarcinoma, and human acute promyelocytic leukemia [129]. ULDF4 and ULDF5
are structurally similar to staurosporine and kigamicin, compounds known for inducing
apoptosis and necrosis, respectively. Ketomycin is another prospective antitumor com-
pound. Ketomycin suppressed cellular migration and invasion in breast carcinoma cells,
inhibited NF-κB activity used in upstream signaling by hindering the autophosphorylation
of IKK-α/IKK-β, and minimized the 3D-invasion of breast carcinoma cells at nontoxic
concentrations [130]. Therefore, ketomycin is not only an effective antibiotic, but also
a structurally simple antitumor agent for mammalian cells. The search for further an-
titumor agents also includes the analysis of BGCs and chemotherapeutic gene clusters
(CGCs). Complementary anticancer treatments have been discovered in Streptomyces via
the diverse and variable patterns of the phylogenetic distribution of BGCs and CGCs [131].
These hybrid BGCs and CGCs are prospective sources of novel secondary metabolites and
chemotherapeutic agents for pharmaceuticals. The utilization of Streptomyces compounds such as staurosporine, kigamicin, and ketomycin as well as BGCs/CGCs should be further
investigated for the development of new antitumor treatments.