لخّصلي

4.1 General As we have seen, integrating more large-capacity RE into the grid brings variability and uncertainty.In addition to adding new flexibility, existing flexibility can be better exploited by operational enhancement within a balancing area, and can be shared in wider geographic footprints by cooperation between, or consolidation of, smaller balancing areas, supported by transmission expansion.The new solutions will include new technologies, methods and practices, applied in order to provide more flexibility and improve the efficiency of power systems, constantly balancing generation and load.This means mitigating the impacts of RE generation on the power system, enabling it to contribute to system reliability and stability by improving its design and control technologies.At the same time, there will continue to be unexpected disturbances stemming from load variation, grid faults and conventional generation outages.Worldwide studies and experience in recent years have shown that new technical solutions are needed to address this conjunction of difficulties.Flexibility from conventional generation is currently the major source of power system flexibility and is generally referred to as "generation flexibility".The required power system flexibility can be achieved on the generation side, from both RE generation and conventional generation.

4.1 General
As we have seen, integrating more large-capacity
RE into the grid brings variability and uncertainty.
At the same time, there will continue to be
unexpected disturbances stemming from load
variation, grid faults and conventional generation
outages. Worldwide studies and experience
in recent years have shown that new technical
solutions are needed to address this conjunction
of difficulties. The new solutions will include new
technologies, methods and practices, applied in
order to provide more flexibility and improve the
efficiency of power systems, constantly balancing
generation and load. Only this will make the power
systems reliable and maintain security of supply,
i.e. avoid any interruption in the supply of power.
The required power system flexibility can be
achieved on the generation side, from both RE
generation and conventional generation. It should first be pursued using grid-friendly RE generation.
This means mitigating the impacts of RE generation
on the power system, enabling it to contribute
to system reliability and stability by improving its
design and control technologies. However, the
amount of flexibility which can be achieved by this
approach is limited. Flexibility from conventional
generation is currently the major source of power
system flexibility and is generally referred to as
“generation flexibility”.
Flexibility can also be achieved from the load
side through demand response, and from energy
storage that can act as either generation or load
(see Figure 4-1). In addition to adding new flexibility,
existing flexibility can be better exploited by
operational enhancement within a balancing area,
and can be shared in wider geographic footprints
by cooperation between, or consolidation of,
smaller balancing areas, supported by transmission
expansion.