لخّصلي

he text discusses the challenge of interpreting without taking notes, highlighting the lack of practical guidelines for students.Concerns for the dignity of the recipient: "Others were concerned less with the integrity of the donor than with the dignity of the recipient." 6. Initial skepticism and perception of ghoulishness: "At first, before Baby Fae's televised smile had beguiled skeptics, the word ghoulish was heard."Final reflection on the impact: "Indeed, it is a blow to man's idea of himself to think that a piece..." This exercise demonstrates how logical prompts can help interpreters recall information based on its logical association within the speech structure.The example provided in the text illustrates how latent memory can be reactivated through targeted questioning. By summarizing the main ideas of a passage and then asking specific questions related to those ideas, interpreters can recall additional details and nuances from memory. This technique is crucial in consecutive and simultaneous interpreting, as it helps interpreters keep pace with the progression of the speech. Would you like to proceed with the example provided in the text for further practice? To piece the information back together:

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   Her company is a natural resources-dependent business. 2. She emphasizes that sustainability must be at the core of their operations. 3. Paper is made from trees, and they need to plant, harvest, and process trees to make paper. 4. To ensure long-term paper production, they need sustainable landscapes and collaboration with stakeholders. 5. The company acknowledges past sustainability issues despite complying with Indonesian law. 6. External pressure from NGO campaigns, like Greenpeace, and internal recognition led to the need for business model reset. 7. In the future, they plan to collaborate with stakeholders in landscapes and ensure give and take in their operations. A combination of techniques depending on the content and structure of the speech. Therefore, it's essential to familiarize yourself with various memory techniques and practice integrating them fluidly. Each technique serves as a valuable tool in your interpreting toolkit, enhancing your ability to recall and interpret speeches accurately and effectively. Combining memory techniques with presentation skills can enhance your overall performance as an interpreter. As you revisit the exercises from this chapter, focus not only on memorization but also on delivering a clear and engaging presentation. By practicing both skills simultaneously, you'll become more proficient in both areas, preparing you for real-world interpreting scenarios where both memory and presentation are crucial. Remember to incorporate techniques learned from Chapter 2 to ensure effective communication during your presentations."In "Interpret from a Picture 2," the interpreter imagines the picture while interpreting, while in "Interpret from a Picture 3," the interpreter creates an image in their mind's eye without seeing the picture during the speech or interpretation. Additionally, the importance of structural prompts in aiding memory retention during interpretation is highlighted. Recognizing the structure of a speech, such as for, against, conclusion, helps organize information into manageable chunks, making it easier to recall. Simple structures like past, present, future are introduced as starting points for practicing this technique. The speech by Ralston can be structured according to the introduction, argument, counter-argument, and conclusion format. Here's how:

   
   


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   Introduction: Ralston introduces his research interests focused on why things float and why things get wet, using the analogy of a bottle of champagne. 2. Argument: He explains the physics and chemistry behind bubbles and particles attaching to each other, emphasizing the valuable particles rising to the surface. 3. Counter-argument: Ralston discusses his interest in understanding how liquids spread over surfaces, mentioning observations from daily life, such as water droplets on the skin after a shower. 4. Conclusion: He concludes by expressing his excitement about pushing the frontiers in fundamental research and linking fundamental ideas with industrial problems. This structure effectively organizes Ralston's speech, making it easier to follow and recall the main points during interpretation. The exercise involves each group member writing a short speech with a simple structure, such as those listed above. Before delivering their speech, each speaker announces the structure they will use. As listeners, interpreters try to associate the information with the announced structure and then interpret from memory, using the structure as a memory prompt. Initially, the exercise is conducted from mother tongue into mother tongue. Later, participants can progress to interpreting between two languages or delivering the speech without announcing the structure in advance. This exercise helps develop the ability to interpret speeches while organizing information according to a given structure, enhancing memory and interpretation skills. Let's try counting the sections of the speech on our fingers:

   
   


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   Introduction: "The placing of a baboon heart into the chest of little Baby Fae caused indignation in many quarters."One such technique is chunking, which involves grouping small bits of information into larger units or "chunks." This approach allows you to remember more by treating each chunk as a single item in your working memory. It's a strategy to maximize the capacity of working memory without increasing its size. For instance, webpage addresses demonstrate chunking, where remembering meaningful chunks like "interpreters" and "consecutive" is easier than recalling individual characters.It emphasizes the importance of confidence in recalling information without notes, which can be beneficial in resisting the urge to take excessive notes later on. The chapter discusses various memory prompts used by interpreters during consecutive interpretation, which will be presented and practiced separately.The exercise suggests practicing interpreting speeches on various topics without notes, emphasizing that interpreting a speech on a familiar subject is manageable and enhances with broader general knowledge and preparation.As they become more comfortable, they can incorporate narratives from films, literature, or current events, ensuring that the partner interpreting the story is unfamiliar with it.

   
   

The exercise advises against using fairy tales, as students may already know them and because of limited variety for practice.Instead, the speeches should be non-technical, allowing speakers to introduce the subject briefly while others brainstorm about it. This approach helps activate knowledge and language related to the topic, facilitating practice in interpretation without the need for extensive preparation.Argument for animal rights: "Pickets outside Loma Linda University Medical Center and elsewhere protested the use of baboons as organ factories." 3. Response from Dr. Leonard Bailey: "'I am a member of the human species', he said.The chapter outlines various ways to process speech information, including leveraging prior knowledge, narrative techniques, visualization, structural analysis, logical organization, and note-taking.The section discusses the importance of prior knowledge in interpreting, stating that the better you understand the context, the easier it is to recall what's being said without relying on external prompts.The provided text outlines an exercise utilizing visual memory prompts to enhance memory and interpretation skills.2.5.7.