Lakhasly

The term "Biotechnology" (sometimes shortened to "biotech") consists of two parts. Bio is a Greek word for "life" and technology gives an indication of human intervention. Biotechnology can be based on the pure biological sciences (genetics, microbiology, animal cell culture, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology). Also its interests can be outside the sphere of biology (chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics). Biotechnology deals with brewing, manufacture of human insulin, interferon, and human growth hormone, medical diagnostics, cell cloning and reproductive cloning, the genetic modification of crops, bioconversion of organic waste and the use of genetically altered bacteria in the cleanup of oil spills, stem cell research and much more. As a matter of fact, biotechnology is very ancient. Six thousand years ago, micro-organisms were used to brew beers and to produce wine, bread and cheese. Yeast makes dough rise andconverts sugars into alcohol. Lactic acid bacteria in milk create cheese and yoghurt. This application of biotechnology is the directed use of organisms for the manufacture of organic products (example milk products). In this way, classical biotechnology refers to the traditional techniques used to breed animals and plants, as well as to the application of bacteria, yeasts and molds to make bread or cheese. Modern biotechnology came into being during the nineteen seventies. It has often been divided into several categories; every field of this science is sometimes connected with the definite color. Green biotechnology is biotechnology applied to agricultural processes. An example would be the selection and domestication of plants via micro propagation. Another example is the designing of transgenic plants to grow under specific environments in the presence (or absence) of chemicals. One hope is that green biotechnology might produce more environmentally friendly solutions than traditional industrial agriculture, although this is still a topic of considerable debate. Red biotechnology is applied to medical processes. Some examples are the designing of organisms to produce antibiotics, and the engineering of genetic cures through genetic manipulation. White biotechnology, also known as industrial biotechnology, is biotechnology applied to industrial processes. An example is using naturally present bacteria by the mining industry in bioleaching; so it is the designing of an organism to produce a useful chemical or destroy hazardous/polluting chemicals. White biotechnology tends to consume less in resources than traditional processes used to produce industrial goods. Bluc biotechnology is a term that has been used to describe the marine and aquatic applications of biotechnology, but its use is relatively rare. Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field which addresses biological

problems using computational techniques, and makes the rapid organization and analysis of

biological data possible. Bioinformatics plays a key role in various areas, such as functional

genomics, structural genomics, and proteomics, and forms a key component in the

biotechnology and pharmaceutical sector. In conclusion biotechnology can berefered to any

technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives

thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use,