Lakhasly

Evaluation of GIT and Pancreatic function : 1-For detecting gastrointestinal disease, the common clinical chemistry tests are generally focused on fluid and electrolyte balance supported by some measures of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism . 6-Enzyme changes occur in several gastrointestinal conditions, such as intestinal infarction or obstruction, parasitic infections, obstruction of the biliary system, and contraction of the sphincter of Oddi (the muscular valve surrounding the exit of the bile duct and pancreatic duct into the duodenum)by drugs such as morphine, withdrawal of food, and age-related changes .The enzyme may be measured in plasma or gastric fluid using colorimetric, fluorimetric, or radioimmunometric methods and ELISA8-Pepsinogen.

Evaluation of GIT and Pancreatic function :
1-For detecting gastrointestinal disease, the common clinical
chemistry tests are generally focused on fluid and electrolyte
balance supported by some measures of carbohydrate, lipid, and
protein metabolism .
2-When gastrointestinal disease are prolonged, marked
reductions in the intake of essential nutrients such as vitamins
(e.g., folate), iron, and amino acids may occur.
3-Although several enzyme measurements are available for
assessing gastrointestinal function, amylase and/or lipase are
perhaps measured more often than other enzymes in order to
evaluate pancreatic function.
4-Methods using chromogenic or immunological methods,
leading to the increasing application of ensuring both lipase and
amylase .
5-Some enzyme measurements require the invasive collection of
gastric, pancreatic, and intestinal fluids, or tissues and therefore
are not suitable for many toxicological studies .
6-Enzyme changes occur in several gastrointestinal conditions,
such as intestinal infarction or obstruction, parasitic infections,
obstruction of the biliary system, and contraction of the sphincter
of Oddi (the muscular valve surrounding the exit of the bile duct
and pancreatic duct into the duodenum)by drugs such as
morphine, withdrawal of food, and age-related changes .
7-Alkaline phosphatase, changes of plasma alkaline
phosphatase can indicate gastrointestinal disease.
8-Pepsinogen. The enzyme may be measured in plasma or gastric
fluid using colorimetric, fluorimetric, or radioimmunometric
methods and ELISA