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SEM is utilized to identify FA amorphous phase composition.The latter produces a signal which is proportional to the number of attracted electrons An energy-dispersive x-ray analyser (EDXA) was performed using a computer program to point count the particles of the amorphous phases.These particles were investigated quantitatively for eight main elements: iron, oxygen, calcium, aluminium, potassium, sodium, carbon, and silicon.SEM works by using an electron beam that penetrates deep into a sample with about 1 um. The beam of the SEM centre toward a point, followed by signals reading by detectors that were then converted into intensities to create an image on the attached computer.The signals are created due to the hitting of valence electrons by a beam, which is accordingly emitted from the atom.These emitted x-rays are characteristic of the sample's elemental composition.

SEM is utilized to identify FA amorphous phase composition. SEM works by using an electron beam that penetrates deep into a sample with about 1 μm. The beam of the SEM centre toward a point, followed by signals reading by detectors that were then converted into intensities to create an image on the attached computer. In a secondary electron signal image, surface topography information is produced by these signals. The signals are created due to the hitting of valence electrons by a beam, which is accordingly emitted from the atom. The valence electrons are attracted to a detector. The latter produces a signal which is proportional to the number of attracted electrons An energy-dispersive x-ray analyser (EDXA) was performed using a computer program to point count the particles of the amorphous phases. This happened when x-rays are emitted, as the beam hits the specimen surface. These emitted x-rays are characteristic of the sample’s elemental composition. On that account, the EDXA technique is used to identify the elemental composition of the amorphous particles. The amorphous particles are spherical particles with a size range from 1 to 5 μm. in diameter. A built-in measuring tool is used to identify the size of the amorphous particles. Only particles with diameter sizes from 1 to 5 μm. in diameter were selected for the EDAX point analysis. However, analysis of amorphous particles with a size ranges from 150 to 200 μm. constituted a comprehensive analysis of the fly ash sample. These particles were investigated quantitatively for eight main elements: iron, oxygen, calcium, aluminium, potassium, sodium, carbon, and silicon. These eight elements were converted into oxides, and then each point was plotted for further analysis on a ternary diagram