Lakhasly

٢-١-٤ ﻡﻳﻣﺻﺗﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺳﻣﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ :
ﺩﻋﺎﺳﺗ ﺎﻣﻛ ، ﻡﻳﻣﺻﺗﻟﺍ ﺔﻁﺷﻧﺃ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﻣﻣ ﻝﻬﺳﺗ ﻰﺗﻟﺍ ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻰﻫ ﻡﻳﻣﺻﺗﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺳﻣﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ
ﺭﺍﺭﻗ ﺞﺋﺎﺗﻧ ﺓﺩﻫﺎﺷﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻳﻣﺻﺗﻟﺍ ﻕﻳﺭﻓ ﺍ ﺔﻳﻣﻳﻣﺻﺗﻟﺍ ﻡﻬﺗ . ﻥﻣ ﻝﺣﺍﺭﻣﺑ ﺕﺭﻣ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ
ﻭ ﻥﻳﻣﻣﺻﻣﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻬﻣ ﻝﻳﻬﺳﺗﻟ ﻝﺻﺍﻭﺗﻣﻟﺍ ﺭﻳﻭﻁﺗﻟﺍ ﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻡﻳﻣﺻﺗﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺳﻣﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑ ﻥﻣ ﻪﻳﻓ ﺕﻠﻘﺗﻧ
ﺕﺎﺻﺻﺧﺗﻟﺍ ﻊﻳﻣﺟ ﻡﻬﺗ ﻰﺗﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻳﺑﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻭﻠﻌﻣﻟﺍ ﻝﻛ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺩﺑ ﻯﻭﺗﺣﻳ ءﺎﻧﺑﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻠﻣﻌﻟ ﻰﻛﺎﺣﻣ ﺝﺫﻭﻣﻧ
ﺫﻳﻔﻧﺗﻟﺍ ﺯﻳﺣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻰﻧﺑﻣﻟﺍ ﺝﺍﺭﺧﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺳﺩﻧﻬﻟﺍ . ١
١ . ﻪﺳﻳﺭﺎﺿﺗ ﺩﻳﺩﺣﺗﻭ ﻊﻗﻭﻣﻟﺍ ﺢﺳﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺳﻣﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑ Surveying
٢ . ﺕﺎﻣﻭﺳﺭﻟﺍ ﺭﻳﺭﺣﺗ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑ Drafting electronic & Technical drawing
ﺔﺑﺋﻳﺑﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺋﺎﺷﻧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺳﺣﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑ Structural and Environment Studies
ﻫﺇ ﺏﻭﺳﺎﺣﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺳﻣﺑ ﻡﻳﻣﺻﺗﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺳﻣﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻠﻟ ﻝﻭﻻﺍ ﻝﻳﺟﻟﺍ ﻡﺗ ) Computer Aided
Design ( ﺕﻧﺎﻛ ﻰﺗﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ ﻥﻣ ﺔﻋﻭﻣﺟﻣ ﺭﺑﻋ ﺔﻔﻠﺗﺧﻣﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺳﺩﻧﻬﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺻﺻﺧﺗﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﻳﺗﺣﺍ ﺔﻳﺑﻠﺗﺑ
، ﻥﻳﺳﺩﻧﻬﻣ ﻥﻣ ﻯﺭﺎﻣﻌﻣﻟﺍ ﻝﻣﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻭﻅﻧﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩﺑ ﺕﻣﺎﻗ ﺕﺎﻛﺭﺷﻟﺍ ﻥﻣ ﺔﻋﻭﻣﺟﻣ ﺔﻁﺳﺍﻭﺑ ﺩﻌﺗ
، ﻥﻳﻟﻭﺎﻘﻣﻭ ﻥﻳﺫﻔﻧﻣ ، ﻥﻳﻳﺋﺎﺷﻧﺃ ، ﻥﻳﻣﻣﺻﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻟ ﻕﻘﺣﻳﻭ ﺕﺎﺻﺻﺧﺗﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﺩﺧﻳ ﺎﻣﺑ ءﻼﻣﻋ
ﻝﺻﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻳﺭﺗ ﻰﺗﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻳﺑﻣﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻳﻟﺇ . ﺇ ﺎﻣﻛ ﻪﺟﺎﺗﺣﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻝﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺗﻟﺎﺑ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ ﺍﻭﺭﻭﻁﻣ ﻡﺗﻫ

1)Woodward, Christopher and Jaki Howes .Computing in Architectural Practice .London :Spon
Press , 1998,P30.
٢ ( ﺹ ﻕﺑﺎﺳﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺭﻣﻟﺍ ٣١ . ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﺮﺼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ
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ﻳﻟ ﻡﻣﺻﻣﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻣﻳﻣﺻﺗﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻠﻣﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻳﻬﺳﺗ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺳ ﻙﻟﺫﻟ ﺍﻭﻣﺩﺧﺗﺳﺍﻭ ، ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻟ ﻊﺿﻭ ﺭﺎﻌﺷ
ﻭﻫﻭ " " ﻪﻳﻠﻋ ﻝﺻﺣﺗﺳ ﺎﻣ ﻭﻫ ﻩﺩﻫﺎﺷﺗﺳ ﺎﻣ ﻭﺃ " What you see is what you get " . ﻲﻧﻌﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻭﻫﻭ
ﺃ ﺭﺎﻛﻓﺃﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻭﺳﺭ ﻥﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻭﻘﺗﺳ ﺎﻣ ﻥ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻠﻟ ﺓﺎﻛﺎﺣﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺗﻳﺳ ﺎﻣ ﻭﻫ ﺩﻌﺑ ﻩﺩﻫﺎﺷﺗﻭ ﺎﻣﺎﻣﺗ ﻩﺫﻳﻔﻧﺗ ﻡ
ﺗﻟﺍ ﺭﺗﻭﻳﺑﻣﻛﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻪﺗﻳﺃﺭ ﺎﻣﻛ ﺫﻳﻔ . ﻝﻭﻠﺣﻟﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺣﺑﻟﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻛﺭﺷﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻣﺎﻗ ﺭﺎﻌﺷﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻕﻳﻘﺣﺗﻟﻭ
٢-١-٥-١ ﻪﺳﻳﺭﺎﺿﺗ ﺩﻳﺩﺣﺗﻭ ﻊﻗﻭﻣﻟﺍ ﺢﺳﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺳﻣﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ SURVEYING :
ﺕﻳﻟﺩﻭﻳﺗﻟﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺟ ﻡﺍﺩﺧﺗﺳﺇ ﺭﺑﻋ ﻊﻗﻭﻣﻟﺍ ﻥﻣ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻳﺛﺍﺩﺣﻹﺍ ﻝﻘﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺳﺗ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ
ﻰﻧﻭﺭﺗﻛﻟﻷﺍ Electronic Theodolite ) EDM ( ﻪﻌﻣ ﻝﻣﺎﻌﺗﻟﺍ ﻥﻛﻣﻳ ﻰﻣﻗﺭ ﺝﺫﻭﻣﻧ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻪﻠﻳﻭﺣﺗﻭ
٢-١-٥-٢ ﻡﺳﺭﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺳﻣﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ DRAFTING DRAWING ) ELECTRONIC
TECHNICAL ( :
ﺩﺎﻌﺑﻷﺍ ﻰﺋﺎﻧﺛ ﻝﻛﺷ ﻰﻓ ﺕﺎﻣﻭﺳﺭﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﻋﺎﺳﺗﻭ Two dimensions
ﻑﺫﺣﻟﺍﻭ ﻝﻳﺩﻌﺗﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻧﺎﻛﻣﺇﻭ ﺭﺎﻬﻅﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺩﻣﺗﻌﻣ ﺔﻳﺩﻳﻠﻘﺗﻟﺍ ﻡﺳﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻠﻣﻌﻟ ﺔﻠﺛﺎﻣﻣ ﺔﻘﻳﺭﻁﺑ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺍﻭ

٢-١-٤ ﻡﻳﻣﺻﺗﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺳﻣﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ :
ﺩﻋﺎﺳﺗ ﺎﻣﻛ ، ﻡﻳﻣﺻﺗﻟﺍ ﺔﻁﺷﻧﺃ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﻣﻣ ﻝﻬﺳﺗ ﻰﺗﻟﺍ ﺓﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻰﻫ ﻡﻳﻣﺻﺗﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺳﻣﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ
ﺭﺍﺭﻗ ﺞﺋﺎﺗﻧ ﺓﺩﻫﺎﺷﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﻳﻣﺻﺗﻟﺍ ﻕﻳﺭﻓ ﺍ ﺔﻳﻣﻳﻣﺻﺗﻟﺍ ﻡﻬﺗ . ﻥﻣ ﻝﺣﺍﺭﻣﺑ ﺕﺭﻣ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ
ﻭ ﻥﻳﻣﻣﺻﻣﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﻬﻣ ﻝﻳﻬﺳﺗﻟ ﻝﺻﺍﻭﺗﻣﻟﺍ ﺭﻳﻭﻁﺗﻟﺍ ﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻡﻳﻣﺻﺗﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺳﻣﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑ ﻥﻣ ﻪﻳﻓ ﺕﻠﻘﺗﻧ
ﺕﺎﺻﺻﺧﺗﻟﺍ ﻊﻳﻣﺟ ﻡﻬﺗ ﻰﺗﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻳﺑﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻭﻠﻌﻣﻟﺍ ﻝﻛ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺩﺑ ﻯﻭﺗﺣﻳ ءﺎﻧﺑﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻠﻣﻌﻟ ﻰﻛﺎﺣﻣ ﺝﺫﻭﻣﻧ
ﺫﻳﻔﻧﺗﻟﺍ ﺯﻳﺣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻰﻧﺑﻣﻟﺍ ﺝﺍﺭﺧﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺳﺩﻧﻬﻟﺍ . ١
ﺕﺭﻣﻭ ﺎﻣﻫ ﺭﻭﻁﺗﻟﺍ ﻥﻣ ﻥﻳﻠﻳﺟﺑ ﻡﻳﻣﺻﺗﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺳﻣﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ :
٢-١-٥ ﺔﻳﻣﻗﺭﻟﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻣﻧﻠﻟ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻝﻳﺟﻟﺍ– ﺩﺎﻌﺑﻻﺍ ﺔﻳﺛﻼﺛﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺋﺎﻧﺛﻟﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻣﻧﻟﺍ : ٢
١ . ﻪﺳﻳﺭﺎﺿﺗ ﺩﻳﺩﺣﺗﻭ ﻊﻗﻭﻣﻟﺍ ﺢﺳﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺳﻣﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑ Surveying
٢ . ﺕﺎﻣﻭﺳﺭﻟﺍ ﺭﻳﺭﺣﺗ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑ Drafting electronic & Technical drawing
٣ . ﺎﻳﺋﺭﻣ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻛﺎﺣﻣﻭ ﺔﺟﺫﻣﻧﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑ Modeling & Visualization
٤ . ﺔﺑﺋﻳﺑﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺩﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺋﺎﺷﻧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺳﺣﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑ Structural and Environment Studies
ﻫﺇ ﺏﻭﺳﺎﺣﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺳﻣﺑ ﻡﻳﻣﺻﺗﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺳﻣﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻠﻟ ﻝﻭﻻﺍ ﻝﻳﺟﻟﺍ ﻡﺗ ) Computer Aided
Design ( ﺕﻧﺎﻛ ﻰﺗﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ ﻥﻣ ﺔﻋﻭﻣﺟﻣ ﺭﺑﻋ ﺔﻔﻠﺗﺧﻣﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺳﺩﻧﻬﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺻﺻﺧﺗﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﻳﺗﺣﺍ ﺔﻳﺑﻠﺗﺑ
، ﻥﻳﺳﺩﻧﻬﻣ ﻥﻣ ﻯﺭﺎﻣﻌﻣﻟﺍ ﻝﻣﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻭﻅﻧﻣ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩﺑ ﺕﻣﺎﻗ ﺕﺎﻛﺭﺷﻟﺍ ﻥﻣ ﺔﻋﻭﻣﺟﻣ ﺔﻁﺳﺍﻭﺑ ﺩﻌﺗ
، ﻥﻳﻟﻭﺎﻘﻣﻭ ﻥﻳﺫﻔﻧﻣ ، ﻥﻳﻳﺋﺎﺷﻧﺃ ، ﻥﻳﻣﻣﺻﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻟ ﻕﻘﺣﻳﻭ ﺕﺎﺻﺻﺧﺗﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻡﺩﺧﻳ ﺎﻣﺑ ءﻼﻣﻋ
ﻝﺻﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺩﻳﺭﺗ ﻰﺗﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻳﺑﻣﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻳﻟﺇ . ﺇ ﺎﻣﻛ ﻪﺟﺎﺗﺣﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻝﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺗﻟﺎﺑ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ ﺍﻭﺭﻭﻁﻣ ﻡﺗﻫ

(1)Woodward, Christopher and Jaki Howes .Computing in Architectural Practice .London :Spon
Press , 1998,P30.

) ٢ ( ﺹ ﻕﺑﺎﺳﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺭﻣﻟﺍ ٣١ .
ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﺮﺼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ
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ﻳﻟ ﻡﻣﺻﻣﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻣﻳﻣﺻﺗﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻠﻣﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻳﻬﺳﺗ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺳ ﻙﻟﺫﻟ ﺍﻭﻣﺩﺧﺗﺳﺍﻭ ، ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﻟ ﻊﺿﻭ ﺭﺎﻌﺷ
ﻭﻫﻭ " " ﻪﻳﻠﻋ ﻝﺻﺣﺗﺳ ﺎﻣ ﻭﻫ ﻩﺩﻫﺎﺷﺗﺳ ﺎﻣ ﻭﺃ " What you see is what you get " . ﻲﻧﻌﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻭﻫﻭ
ﺃ ﺭﺎﻛﻓﺃﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻭﺳﺭ ﻥﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻭﻘﺗﺳ ﺎﻣ ﻥ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻠﻟ ﺓﺎﻛﺎﺣﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺗﻳﺳ ﺎﻣ ﻭﻫ ﺩﻌﺑ ﻩﺩﻫﺎﺷﺗﻭ ﺎﻣﺎﻣﺗ ﻩﺫﻳﻔﻧﺗ ﻡ
ﺗﻟﺍ ﺭﺗﻭﻳﺑﻣﻛﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻪﺗﻳﺃﺭ ﺎﻣﻛ ﺫﻳﻔ . ﻝﻭﻠﺣﻟﺍ ﻥﻋ ﺙﺣﺑﻟﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻛﺭﺷﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺕﻣﺎﻗ ﺭﺎﻌﺷﻟﺍ ﺍﺫﻫ ﻕﻳﻘﺣﺗﻟﻭ
ﻰﻛﻟ ﻥﻳﺳﺭﺎﻣﻣﻟﺍ ﻪﺟﺍﻭﺗ ﻰﺗﻟﺍ ﻝﻛﺎﺷﻣﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻠﻋ ﺍﻭﺩﻋﺎﺳﻳ ﻠﺣ ﺔﺟﻣﺭﺑﻟﺍ ﺔﻁﺳﺍﻭﺑ ﺎﻬ ، ﻝﻼﺧ ﻥﻣ ﻙﻟﺫﻭ
ﻫﺭﻛﺫ ﻲﻟﺎﺗﻟﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﺻﺻﺧﺗﻣ ﺕﺎﻳﺟﻣﺭﺑ ﺓﺩﻋ ﺎ .

٢-١-٥-١ ﻪﺳﻳﺭﺎﺿﺗ ﺩﻳﺩﺣﺗﻭ ﻊﻗﻭﻣﻟﺍ ﺢﺳﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺳﻣﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ SURVEYING :
ﺕﻳﻟﺩﻭﻳﺗﻟﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺟ ﻡﺍﺩﺧﺗﺳﺇ ﺭﺑﻋ ﻊﻗﻭﻣﻟﺍ ﻥﻣ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻳﺛﺍﺩﺣﻹﺍ ﻝﻘﻧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺳﺗ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫﻭ
ﻰﻧﻭﺭﺗﻛﻟﻷﺍ Electronic Theodolite ) EDM ( ﻪﻌﻣ ﻝﻣﺎﻌﺗﻟﺍ ﻥﻛﻣﻳ ﻰﻣﻗﺭ ﺝﺫﻭﻣﻧ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻪﻠﻳﻭﺣﺗﻭ
ﺔﻳﺳﺩﻧﻬﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ ﺔﻁﺳﺍﻭﺑ .

٢-١-٥-٢ ﻡﺳﺭﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺳﻣﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ DRAFTING DRAWING ) ELECTRONIC
TECHNICAL ( :
ﺩﺎﻌﺑﻷﺍ ﻰﺋﺎﻧﺛ ﻝﻛﺷ ﻰﻓ ﺕﺎﻣﻭﺳﺭﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﺩﻋﺎﺳﺗﻭ Two dimensions
ﻑﺫﺣﻟﺍﻭ ﻝﻳﺩﻌﺗﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻧﺎﻛﻣﺇﻭ ﺭﺎﻬﻅﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺩﻣﺗﻌﻣ ﺔﻳﺩﻳﻠﻘﺗﻟﺍ ﻡﺳﺭﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﻠﻣﻌﻟ ﺔﻠﺛﺎﻣﻣ ﺔﻘﻳﺭﻁﺑ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺍﻭ
ﺕﺎﻳﻧﺣﻧﻣ ﻭﺃ ﻁﻭﻁﺧ ﻭﺃ ﻰﻁﻘﻧ ﺎﻣﺇ ﻝﻛﺷ ﻰﻓ ﺕﺎﻣﻭﺳﺭﻟﺍ . ﺎﻣﺇ ﻝﻳﻐﺷﺗﻟﺍ ﺭﻣﺍﻭﺃ ﻝﺎﺧﺩﺇ ﻥﻛﻣﻳﻭ
ﺢﻳﺗﺎﻔﻣﻟﺍ ﺔﺣﻭﻟ ﺔﻁﺳﺍﻭﺑ keyboard ﺓﺭﺄﻔﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ Mouse ﺔﻘﻳﺭﻁﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻬﺑ ﺭﻣﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﻝﺎﺧﺩﺇ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺍﺫﺇﻭ
ﺭﻁﻟﺍ ﻰﻓ ﻥﻳﺩﻳﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺧﺗﺳﺃ ﻥﻣ ءﻁﺑﺃ ﻭﺩﺑﻳ ﺎﻣﻬﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻭﻠﻌﻣﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﺗﻭﻳﺑﻣﻛﻟﺍ ﻅﺎﻔﺗﺣﺇ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ﺔﻳﺩﻳﻠﻘﺗﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻳ
ﺔﻋﺭﺳ ﻥﻣ ﺩﻳﺯﻳ ﺭﺻﺎﻧﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺭﻛﺗﻭ ﻝﻳﺩﻌﺗﻟﺍ ﻰﻓ ﺔﻟﻭﻬﺳﻟﺍ ﻥﻣ ﻯﺭﺧﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺯﻳﻣﻣﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺎﻬﻣﺟﺣ ﺩﺍﺯ
ﺕﻗﻭﻟﺍ ﻝﻳﻠﻘﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺳﻳﻭ ﻝﻣﻌﻟﺍ . ١

٢-١-٥-٣ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻛﺎﺣﻣﻭ ﺔﺟﺫﻣﻧﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑ MODELING AND VISUALIZATION :
ﺔﻣﻳﺩﻗ ﺓﺭﻛﻓ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻠﻟ ﻰﻛﺎﺣﻣﻟﺍ ﺝﺫﻭﻣﻧﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺧﺗﺳﺇ ﺓﺭﻛﻓ ﻥﺇ ، ﻥﻳﻣﻣﺻﻣﻟﺍ ﻰﻁﻋﺃ ﺎﻳﻣﻗﺭ ﺎﻬﻠﻳﺛﻣﺗ ﻥﻛﻟﻭ
ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﻌﺗﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺳﺗ ﺔﻳﺟﺫﻭﻣﻧ ﺓﺍﺩﺃ ﻣﻳﻘﺗ ﺓﺩﺎﻋﺇﻭ ﺞﺗﻧﻣﻠﻟ ﻰﺋﺎﻬﻧﻟﺍ ﻝﻛﺷﻟﺍ ﻪ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻋﺎﺳﻳ ﺎﻣﺑ
ﺩﻬﺟﻟﺍﻭ ﻝﺎﻣﻟﺍ ﺭﻳﻓﻭﺗ ، ﺔﻋﺎﻧﻗ ﻥﻋ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺞﺗﻧﻣﻟﺎﺑ ﺝﻭﺭﺧﻟﺍﻭ . ﺭﺻﺎﻧﻋ ﻥﻋ ﺭﻳﺑﻌﺗﻟﺍ ﺭﺑﻋ ﻙﻟﺫﻭ
ﻧﺑﻣﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﻷﺍ ﻰﺛﻼﺛ ﻝﻛﺷ ﻰﻓ ﻰ 3Dimesions ، ﺏﻳﻁﺷﺗﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﻭﻣ ﺢﻁﺳﻷﺍ ءﺎﻁﻋﺇ ﻊﻣ . ﻩﺫﻫﻭ
ﻪﻳﻠﻋ ﺕﺯﻛﺭ ﻯﺫﻟﺍ ﺭﻳﻭﻁﺗﻟﺍ ﺭﺑﻋ ﺓﺩﻋﺎﺳﻣﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ ﻥﻣ ﻰﻧﺎﺛﻟﺍ ﻝﻳﺟﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﻬﻅ ﺔﻳﺍﺩﺑ ﺕﻧﺎﻛ ﺝﺫﺎﻣﻧﻟﺍ
ﻣﻌﻠﻟ ﻰﻟﺎﺛﻣﻟﺍ ﺝﺫﻭﻣﻧﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻝﻭﺻﻭﻠﻟ ﺔﻠﻳﺳﻭﻛ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻋﺇ ﺕﺎﻛﺭﺷ ﺔﻣﻭﻅﻧﻣ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﺇﻭ ﻯﺭﺎﻣﻌﻣﻟﺍ ﻝ
ءﺎﻧﺑﻟﺍ . ﺕﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﻣﻛ ﺭﺑﻋ ﺔﺛﺍﺩﺣﺃﻭ ﻥﻣﺯﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻛﺎﺣﻣﻟ ﺝﺫﻭﻣﻧﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻛﺭﺣﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺧﺗﺳﻹ ﻕﻳﺭﻁﻟﺍ
ﺔﻛﺭﺣﻠﻟ ﺓﺎﻛﺎﺣﻣﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺟﻣﺭﺑﻟﺍ Animation ) Visualization ( ﻥﻣ ﺩﻳﺩﻌﻟﺍ ﺫﺧﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﻣﺗﻌﺗ ﻰﺗﻟﺍﻭ
ﺎﻬﻳﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﻳ ﻰﺗﻟﺍﻭ ﺝﺫﻭﻣﻧﻠﻟ ﺕﺎﻁﻘﻠﻟﺍ " Frames " ﺔﻛﺭﺣﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﺟﺗﺇ ﻰﻓ . ﻡﺗﻳ ﺔﻛﺭﺣﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑ ﺭﺑﻋﻭ
ﻭﻳﺩﻳﻓ ﻡﻠﻳﻓ ﺍﻭﻧﻭﻛﻳﻟ ﺓﺭﻣﺗﺳﻣ ﺔﻌﺑﺎﺗﺗﻣ ﺔﻳﻟﺍﻭﺗﻣ ﻭﻧﻭﻛﻳﻟ ﺎﻌﻣ ﺕﺎﻁﻘﻠﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻁﺑﺭ ، ﻪﻳﻠﻋ ﻕﻠﻁﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻭﻫﻭ
" Fly around " ﻭﺃ " A walk through " ، ﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﻣﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﻁﺗ ﺇ ﻥﻣ ﻝﺻﻳﻟ ﺓﺎﻛﺎﺣﻣ ﺝﺫﺎﻣﻧ ﺝﺎﺗﻧ
ﺔﻛﺭﺣﺗﻣﻟﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻣﻧﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﺗﺑﺎﺛﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻛﺎﺣﻣﻟﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻣﻧﻟﺍ ) Animation ( ، ﺕﻠﺻﻭ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺝﺫﺎﻣﻧﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻰﻟﺇ
ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﺟﻭﻟﻭﻧﻛﺗ ﺭﺑﻋ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻠﻟ ﺓﺎﻛﺎﺣﻣﻟﺍ ﻰﻫﻭ ﺓﺎﻛﺎﺣﻣﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻗ ﻲﺿﺍﺭﺗﻓﻹﺍ Virtual Reality

) ١ ( ﺹ ﻕﺑﺎﺳﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺭﻣﻟﺍ ٣٣ .

                                                                               ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﺮﺼﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻭﺩﺃ 

٤٢

) visualization ( ١ . ﻹﺍ ﺭﺻﺎﻧﻋ ﺎﻬﻳﻓ ﺕﻣﺩﺧﺗﺳﺍ ﺔﻣﻅﻧﺃ ﻰﻫﻭ ﺭﺗﻭﻳﺑﻣﻛﻠﻟ ﻝﺎﺧﺩ Input devices ﺎﻣﺑ
ﺱﺎﻣﻐﻧﻷﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺅﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻡﺩﺧﺗﺳﻣﻟﺍ ﺩﻋﺎﺳﺗ ﺭﺻﺎﻧﻋ ﺎﻬﻳﻠﻋ ﺙﺩﺣﺗﺳﺃﻭ ﺭﺻﺎﻧﻋ ﻥﻣ ﻪﻠﻣﺗﺷﺗ
ـﻟﺍ ﺓﺯﻬﺟﻷﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻥﻣﻭ ﺓﺎﻛﺎﺣﻣﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺭﺟﺗ ﻰﻓ ) Data Helmet ( ﺓﺩﻫﺎﺷﻣﺑ ﻡﺩﺧﺗﺳﻣﻠﻟ ﺢﻣﺳﺗ ﻰﺗﻟﺍﻭ
ﺩﻭﺩﺭﻟ ﺔﺑﺎﺟﺗﺳﻷﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻁﻳﺣﻣﻟﺍ ﺔﺋﻳﺑﻟﺍﻭ ﺙﺍﺩﺣﻷﺍ ﺓﺩﻫﺎﺷﻣﻭ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﺔﻛﺭﺣﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻰﻠﻳﺧﺗﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻟﺍ
ﺑﻋ ﻪﻟﺎﻌﻓﺃ ﻰﻠﻳﺧﺗﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺩﺧﺗﺳﺈﺑ ﺽﺭﻌﻟﺍ ﺏﻳﻟﺎﺳﺃ ﻥﻣ ﺩﻳﺩﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﺟﻭﻳ ، ﻝﻋﺎﻔﺗﻟﺍ ﺭ ) Virtual
Reality ( .

٢-١-٥-٤ ﺔﻳﺋﻳﺑﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺋﺎﺷﻧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺳﺣﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑ STRUCTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL
CALCULATION :
ﺱﻛﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺇ ﻡﻳﻣﺻﺗ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻝﺻﻭﺗﻟﺍ ﻡﺩﻋ ﻥﻣ ﺔﻳﺭﺎﻣﻌﻣﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺳﺩﻧﻬﻟﺍ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺩﺧﺗﺳ
ﺓﺭﺷﺎﺑﻣ ﺎﻫﺭﻳﻭﻁﺗﻭ ﺎﻬﻣﻳﻳﻘﺗﻭ ﻝﻳﻣﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﻠﻁﺗﻣ ﻝﻣﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ، ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ ﺍﻭﺭﻭﻁﻣ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺇ ﺍﻭﻋﺎﻁﺗﺳ
ﻥﻳﻧﺍﻭﻗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺩﺎﻧﺗﺳﺃ ﻙﻟﺫﻭ ﺔﻳﺋﻳﺑﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺋﺎﺷﻧﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺳﺣﻟﺍ ﻝﻣﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑ ﺍﻭﺩﻌﻳ ﻥﺃ
ﺔﻳﺋﺎﺷﻧﻷﺍ ﺔﺳﺩﻧﻬﻟﺍ ٢ . ﻭ ﻟ ﻙﻟﺫ ﺭﺗﻭﻳﺑﻣﻛﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺕﺎﻳﻁﻌﻣﻟﺍ ﻩﺫﻫ ﻝﺎﺧﺩﺇ ﺔﻟﻭﻬﺳﻭ ﺎﻬﺗﻻﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﺡﻭﺿﻭ
ﻥﻣ ﺩﻳﺩﻌﻟﺍ ﺩﺟﻭﻳﻓ ﻹﺍ ﺭﺻﺎﻧﻌﻠﻟ ﻡﻳﻣﺻﺗﻟﺍ ﻝﻬﺳﺗ ﺞﻣﺍﺭﺑﻟﺍ ﻰﻧﺑﻣﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺋﺎﺷﻧ ، ﻊﻳﻣﺟ ﺝﺍﺭﺧﺇ ﻥﻛﻣﻳﻭ ﻝﺑ
ﻥﻛﺎﻣﺃ ﺢﻳﺿﻭﺗ ﻊﻣ ﻝﺎﻣﺣﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻬﺟﻷﺍﻭ ﺫﻳﻔﻧﺗﻟﺍ ﺏﻳﻟﺎﺳﺃ ﺎﻬﺑ ﺎﺣﺿﻭﻣ ﻰﻧﺑﻣﻠﻟ ﺔﻳﺋﺎﺷﻧﻷﺍ ﺭﺻﺎﻧﻌﻟﺍ
ﺱﻳﻟ ، ﺏﻭﻳﻋ ﺎﻬﺑ ﻰﺗﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺋﺎﺷﻧﻷﺍ ﺭﺻﺎﻧﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻧﺑﻣﻟ ﻰﺋﺎﺷﻧﻷﺍ ﻡﻳﻣﺻﺗﻟﺍ ﻝﻣﻋ ﻙﻧﻛﻣﻳ ﻝﺑ ﺏﺳﺣﻓ ﺍﺫﻫ
ﻠﻟﺍ ﻝﻛ ﺝﺍﺭﺧﺇﻭ ﻝﻣﺎﻛﻟﺎﺑ ﺕﻻﺎﺟﻣ ﺹﺧﺗ ﻰﺗﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺣﻭ ٣ :

• ﺎﻛﻳﻟﻭﺩﻳﻬﻟﺍ ، ﺕﺎﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍﻭ ، ﺩﻋﺍﻭﻘﻟﺍ Foundations , Piling , hydraulics - ﻰﺋﺎﺷﻧﻷﺍ ﻝﻳﻠﺣﺗﻟﺍ Structural Analysis ﺡﺎﻳﺭﻟﺍ ﻝﻣﺣ ، Wind Load ﻷﺍ ، ﻝﺎﻣﺣ ﺔﻳﻧﺩﻌﻣﻟﺍ
  Steel Loads ﺔﻳﻧﺎﺳﺭﺧﻟﺍ ، Concrete ﺏﺷﺧﻟﺍ ، Timber Masonry . - ﺔﺑﻗﺍﺭﻣﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻗﺎﻁﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺳﺣ Energy consumption and monitoring . - ﺔﻳﻛﻳﻧﺎﻛﻳﻣﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺩﺧﻟﺍ Mechanical Services ﺩﻋﺎﺻﻣﻟﺍ ، Lifts ﻑﻳﻳﻛﺗﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻣﻋﺃ ، . A/C - ﺔﻳﺋﺎﺑﺭﻬﻛﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺩﺧﻟﺍ Elec